"Mobile internet use has reached 55% of the world's population. By the end of 2021, 4.3 billion people were using mobile internet, an increase of almost 300 million since the end of 2020. Growth in mobile internet adoption has almost entirely been driven by people living in low- and middle-income co
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untries (LMICs). As a result, for the first time, half of the population in LMICs is using mobile internet. Mobile broadband coverage continues to slowly expand, with 95% of the world’s population covered by a mobile broadband network. At the end of 2021, the coverage gap – those living in areas without mobile broadband coverage – represented 5% of the world’s population (400 million people). The coverage gap has only reduced by 1 percentage point (pp) per year between 2018 and 2021, showing how challenging it is to cover the remaining population, who are predominantly poor and rural. In the least developed countries (LDCs), more than one in six people live in areas without mobile broadband coverage." (Key findings, page 5)
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"Digital Anthropology 2nd Edition explores how human and digital can be defined in relation to one another within issues as diverse as social media use, virtual worlds, hacking, quantified self, blockchain, digital environmentalism and digital representation. The book challenges the moral universal
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of the digital by exploring emergent anxieties about the global spread of new technological forms as well as highlighting the productive contribution of the digital to new concepts and practices. In this fully revised edition, Digital Anthropology reveals how the intense scrutiny of ethnography can overturn assumptions about the impact of digital culture and reveal its profound consequences for everyday life around the world. Combining the clarity of case studies with an engaging style that conveys a passion for new frontiers of enquiry within anthropological study, this will be essential reading for students and scholars interested in theory of anthropology, media and information studies, communication studies and sociology. With a brand new introduction from editors Haidy Geismar and Hannah Knox, as well as the original introduction by Heather Horst and Daniel Miller, in conjunction with new chapters on hacking, and digitizing environments, amongst others, and fully revised chapters throughout, this will bring the field-defining overview of digital anthropology fully up to date." (Publisher description)
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"Indigenous Digital Life offers a broad, wide-ranging account of how social media has become embedded in the lives of indigenous Australians. Centring on ten core themes-including identity, community, hate, desire and death-we seek to understand both the practice and broader politics of being Indige
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nous on social media. Rather than reproducing settler narratives of Indigenous 'deficiency', we approach Indigenous social media as a space of Indigenous action, production, and creativity; we see Indigenous social media users as powerful agents, who interact with and shape their immediate worlds with skill, flair and nous; and instead of being 'a people of the past', we show that indigenous digital life is often future-orientated, working towards building better relations, communities and worlds." (Publisher description)
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"Many people connected to the internet for the first time as they adapted to the challenges of COVID-19, while existing users embraced new digital tools and rediscovered old favourites. As a result, many of the indicators in our Global Digital Reports have seen remarkable levels of growth over the p
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ast 12 months. Social media delivered some of the most impressive numbers, with users increasing by more than 13 percent since our 2020 reports. Almost half a billion users joined social media in the past year, taking the global total to 4.2 billion in early 2021. Growth hasn’t just been about user numbers, though. The world’s mobile users now spend more time on their phones than they do watching television, clearly positioning the smartphone as today’s ‘first screen’. Ecommerce is another area that saw rapid growth in 2020, with many people moving their shopping online to mitigate the health risks associated with COVID-19. However, research suggests that the new ecommerce habits people adopted during lockdown will last well beyond the pandemic." (Page 3)
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"The connection between digital and inequality has traditionally been understood in terms of the digital divide or of forms of digital inequality whose core conceptualisation is exclusion. This paper argues that, as the global South moves into a digital development paradigm of growing breadth and de
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pth of digital engagement, an exclusion worldview is no longer sufficient. Drawing from ideas in the development studies literature on chronic poverty, the paper argues the need for a new concept: “adverse digital incorporation”, meaning inclusion in a digital system that enables a more-advantaged group to extract disproportionate value from the work or resources of another, less-advantaged group. This explains why inequality persists – even grows – in a digital development paradigm. To help ground future research and practice on this issue, the paper inductively builds a conceptual model of adverse digital incorporation with three main component sets: the processes, the drivers, and the causes of adverse digital incorporation. The paper concludes with thoughts on a future research and practice agenda that seeks to deliver digital justice in the global South: a necessary reconfiguration of the broader components of power that currently shape the inclusionary connection between digital and inequality." (Abstract)
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"In the mid-20th century, when media research came into its own, this task was more straightforward. There were only a few different ways to get news, and all were clearly distinct – print publications, radio or television. But over the past decades, in addition to a plethora of new forms of news
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(from 24-hour news channels to news websites), many news outlets no longer stay confined to producing content on only one platform. For instance, to meet the growing digital audience, newspapers like The New York Times also produce audio podcasts, which can be heard on radio stations through a smart speaker, and video series, which can be seen on a cable TV network through a streaming device (such as a Roku or Fire Stick). And cable news outlets and other news providers have an active presence on Facebook, YouTube and other social media sites, further blurring the line between platforms. Finally, there is an industry-wide concern that news consumption habits are overestimated in surveys where respondents self-report their behavior. Given the increasing complexity and interconnectedness of this news landscape and concerns around overreporting of news consumption, Pew Research Center wanted to explore how best to measure news consumption: Where do currently used survey practices still work and where might changes be in order? This report is the culmination of this effort and is organized into three sections: Chapter 1 looks at the U.S. public’s familiarity with newer concepts related to news; Chapter 2 examines possible ways to improve survey-based measures of news consumption; and Chapter 3 compares survey results to the use of passive data that comes straight from tracking software news consumers downloaded to their digital devices." (Pages 5-6)
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"Social media sites allow students particularly in tertiary institutions to adopt different types of social networking sites to interact; keep in touch with their families and friends and keep up with their academic assignments. Conversely, there has been a growing concern that students at the terti
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ary level in Nigeria have devoted much of their time to communication through social networking sites at the expense of serious academic work. Thus, the study investigated how the undergraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria make use of social media sites for academic purposes. It also examined how much time the students allotted to socialisation and academic work in the use of online media. Anchored on the Uses and Gratification Theory, the survey research design was adopted while questionnaire was used as the instrument of data collections. Data were generated from a sample of 600 respondents randomly selected from six faculties from the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Findings showed that most undergraduate students devoted more time to social networking sites mainly for socialisation and only used the sites for academic purposes when they were given assignments or when researching on a particular topic. The findings also revealed that the length of time spent on social networking sites socialising reduced the respondents’ ability to concentrate on academic work and eventually led to poor performance of undergraduate students. Based on the findings and conclusion, it was recommended among others, that media literacy education as a course should be introduced and integrated into the tertiary institutions’ progammes, especially at the undergraduate level." (Abstract)
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"Utilising results of an unprecedented global study, this volume explores the ways in which young adults in seven different countries engage with digital and social media in religiously significant ways. Presenting and analysing the findings of the international research project Young Adults and Rel
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igion in a Global Perspective (YARG), an international panel of contributors shed new light on the impact of digital media and its associated technologies on young people's religiosities, worldviews, and values. Case studies from China, Finland, Ghana, Israel, Peru, Poland, and Turkey are used to demonstrate how these developments are progressing, not just in the West, but across the world." (Publisher description)
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"On average across 34 countries, one in five adults (20%) have access to both a smartphone and a computer, while 43% only have access to a basic cell phone. In 15 out of 34 countries, at least half of adults have access to a smartphone or a computer or both. About three in 10 respondents (31%) use t
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heir cell phones and the Internet at least several times a week. This form of basic digital literacy is widespread (at least 50% of adults) in Mauritius, Gabon, Tunisia, Sudan, South Africa, and Morocco but rare (10% or less) in Mali, Niger, and Madagascar. One-fifth of adults (20%) are well prepared to participate in or assist members of their household with a transition to an online learning environment. In contrast, 55% are likely to be ill prepared for remote learning, while 25% of respondents form a middle category representing those who could participate in e-learning given sufficient resources such as devices and/or training. Citizens’ readiness to engage in remote learning is primarily shaped by their level of formal education and access to electricity, rather than by their overall level of wealth or geographic location." (Key findings, page 3)
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"Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el 57% de los lectores de medios digitales en Argentina, Brazil, Colombia y Mexico ha aumentado su consumo de noticias. El 90% de los consumidores está accediendo a las noticias digitales por lo menos dos veces a la semana y el 78% por lo menos una vez al día. Las
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plataformas digitales ahora representan más de la mitad (53%) de todos los contenidos de noticias a los que se accede, lo que evidencia la creciente expansión de las plataformas digitales como las principales fuentes de noticias e información. En promedio, el 13% de los consumidores encuestados paga actualmente por lo menos por una suscripción o servicio de noticias. Aunque a primera vista modestas, estas cifras muestran que la predisposición a pagar por noticias digitales entre los consumidores es mayor que en algunos otros países, incluidos mercados establecidos como el Reino Unido (8%) y Alemania (10%) y no está muy lejos de los EE. UU. (20%). Para los consumidores que actualmente están suscriptos, dos de los factores más importantes a la hora de pagar son la capacidad de proporcionar un contenido de alta calidad (36%) y la credibilidad del medio de comunicación como fuente de información seria y fiable (34%). Además, la metodología MaxDiff encontró que para todos los encuestados, incluidos los que no pagan actualmente por las noticias, la independencia de los medios de comunicación de los poderes de turno se encuentra entre los factores más importantes." (Principales hallazgos, página 10-12)
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"The book has covered a wide range of topics within a specific area of mobile journalism. It presents the case studies and first-hand experiences from different parts of the country. As the chapters are written by the academicians, proessionals and practitioners, it has an appropriate blend of theor
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etical and practical aspects of mobile jornalism. It is a pioneering work in the are of mobile journalism and mobile film making." (Foreword, page 6)
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"This is the true story of how, against all odds, a remote Mexican pueblo built its own autonomous cell phone network – without help from telecom companies or the government. Anthropologist Roberto J. González paints a vivid and nuanced picture of life in a Oaxaca mountain village and the collect
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ive tribulation, triumph, and tragedy the community experienced in pursuit of getting connected. In doing so, this book captures the challenges and contradictions facing Mexico's indigenous peoples today, as they struggle to wire themselves into the 21st century using mobile technologies, ingenuity, and sheer determination. It also holds a broader lesson about the great paradox of the digital age, by exploring how constant connection through virtual worlds can hinder our ability to communicate with those around us." (Back cover)
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"There are now more than 3.8 billion mobile internet subscribers globally, representing 49% of the world’s population. However, adoption has not been equitable, with mobile internet adoption standing at 26% in Sub-Saharan Africa at the end of 2019. The region accounts for almost half of the global
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population not covered by a mobile broadband network." (Page 1)
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"En este ensayo, preferimos utilizar la palabra “trashumante” para referirnos sobre todo a la característica del desplazamiento de pobladores jóvenes a zonas de productividad cambiante dentro y fuera del país, adjudicando la de “nómada” a la dimensión cultural de las nuevas generaciones
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. Recuérdese que tradicionalmente, durante casi todo el siglo XX, Venezuela fue un receptor de emigración. Este nuevo fenómeno en nuestro país, se diferencia de los otros movimientos anteriores de flujos juveniles hacia el exterior por motivos de estudios, por traslados de los profesionales de las empresas multinacionales, por viajes de aventura y turismo u otras dinámicas similares de los jóvenes en esta etapa vital de transición a la adultez. Ahora a las condiciones evolutivas del ciclo vital se añade el shock del país y la variación de las percepciones internas y externas, derivadas de la migración [...] La primera parte considerará los cambios en las condiciones de vida de los jóvenes en estos últimos veinte años de trashumancia, la segunda, las pautas conductuales vinculadas a la incorporación de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación con los rasgos del nomadismo cultural, y en la tercera parte se reflexionará sobre las principales características y retos de las identidades virtuales en la cibercultura." (Entrada, página 7-8)
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"Weltweit nutzen 3,3 Milliarden Menschen ein Smartphone, Tendenz weiter steigend. In nahezu allen Ländern des Südens ist die Verbreitung besonders groß. Nicht immer handelt es sich dabei um teure Topmodelle, aber gerade wegen ihrer Erschwinglichkeit sind allein in afrikanischen Ländern 700 Milli
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onen internetfähige Smartphones und nicht-internetfähige Mobile Phones im Gebrauch. Selbst in Ländern wie Somalia, wo Infrastrukturen gleich welcher Art kaum existent sind, funktioniert eines recht zuverlässig: das Mobilfunknetz. In einer High-Tech-Fabrik in Ruanda laufen seit neuestem täglich zehntausend »MaraPhones« genannte Smartphones vom Band.
Die durch Smartphones und Mobile Phones entstehenden Möglichkeiten werden überall auf der Welt ausgiebig genutzt. Tiefgreifende gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Veränderungen sind die Folge. Familiäre Beziehungen werden neu gestaltet und klassische Modelle sozialer Interaktion wie »Freundschaft« neu definiert. Praktisch jeder Wirtschaftssektor ist gründlich von den Handys auf den Kopf gestellt worden. Auch in der kleinbäuerlichen Landwirtschaft in Ostafrika gehören Smartphones längst zum Alltag. Ohne dem Kulturpessimismus zu frönen: Es liegt auf der Hand, dass all diese Entwicklungen nicht nur Chancen, sondern auch große Gefahren bergen. Mit keiner anderen systemrelevanten Technologie lassen sich Manipulation und Überwachung von Individuen besser bewerkstelligen als via Smartphone. Die mit erpresserischen Methoden exekutierte Datensammelwut der großen Konzerne hat durchaus eine Entsprechung in der Überwachung durch autoritäre Regime. Dagegen klingen frühere Dystopien à la »Big Brother is watching you« harmlos.
Im Bereich des Politischen wird besonders deutlich, wie groß die partizipatorischen Potenziale einer Demokratie von unten via Social Media sind, aber auch, wie schnell diese in Regression, Manipulation und Repression münden. Der Arabische Frühling galt zu Recht als »Facebook-Revolution«, das hierarchische Sender-Empfänger-Prinzip war partiell aufgehoben. Was aber vor staatlicher Verfolgung nicht nur nicht schützte, sondern sie oft überhaupt erst ermöglichte. Perfektioniert wird politische Kontrolle via Smartphone einmal mehr von der KP der Volksrepublik China. Sie hält ihre 90 Millionen Parteimitglieder via App auf Kurs – und wehe, jemand liest zu wenig Beiträge und sammelt nicht genügend »Lernpunkte«! Beim Smartphone ist es eben wie beim Beton: Es kommt drauf an, was man draus macht." (Editorial, Seite D2)
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"Jeder, der sich in irgendeiner Form mit digitalen Medien beschäftigt, lebt in einer paradoxen Welt: Denn zu keinem Feld existieren mehr Daten, Informationen und Statistiken. Aber zugleich handelt es sich stets um isolierte, winzige Partikel und Fragmente, die sich nicht integrieren lassen. Das Pro
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blem ist: Wir verstehen die Zusammenhänge nicht. Wir sehen den Wald vor lauter Bäumen nicht mehr. Es existiert bis heute keine zusammenhängende, ganzheitliche Darstellung digitaler Medien auf Grundlage ein und derselben Datenbasis – geschweige denn über die Nutzungszusammenhänge der verschiedenen Endgerätekategorien (Desk- bzw Laptop, Smartphone, Tablet). Der Atlas der digitalen Welt liefert erstmals einen allgemeinen Referenzrahmen, der alle unterschiedlichen digitalen Angebote (z. B. Facebook, WhatsApp, Google etc.), Aktivitäten (z. B. Konsum von Content, Shopping, Search, Social Media, etc.), die verschiedenen Endgerätekategorien (Desktop, Smartphone, Tablet) und die unterschiedlichen Nutzerprofile in einer 360° Darstellung abbildet. Diese Darstellung wurde ermöglicht durch die Auswertung des GfK CrossMedia Link Panels, welches die reale Mediennutzung von 16.000 Personen in Deutschland erfasst (es handelt sich hier also nicht um Ergebnisse von Befragungen, sondern um echtes Nutzungsverhalten). Diese Daten werden der Öffentlichkeit hier erstmals zugänglich gemacht. Die Zusammenhänge werden übersichtlich aufbereitet und durch anschauliche Infografiken illustriert, so dass die Inhalte für jedermann verständlich und zugänglich sind." (https://atlasderdigitalenwelt.de)
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"How do people address information deficiency caused by rigid control of information in authoritarian regimes? We argue that there exists an internally oriented information compensation approach through which people can glean extra information from official messages domestically. This approach does
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not violate state regulations directly and allows people to retrieve information not explicitly publicized by the government. We delineate the circumstances of internally oriented information compensation using the case of China. We conduct trend and text analysis on the data of millions of individual-level actions of Chinese Internet search engines and social media users during a large anticorruption campaign that conspicuously claimed to crack down on influential corrupt leaders without naming who exactly. We show that some Chinese netizens were able to identify the unnamed high-ranking officials targeted by the campaign based on negative official reports about their family members. Some of the netizens even correctly predicted the downfall of the officials months before the government’s announcements. As the existing literature is increasingly concerned about the threat of digital authoritarianism on throttling the free flow of information, our findings indicate that some authoritarian citizens, instead of passively accepting the government’s information control, acquired their own arts of information self-salvation. This, though not directly challenging the government, constitutes an everyday politics under digital authoritarianism." (Abstract)
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