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Information seeking and communication during forced migration: An empirical analysis of refugees’ digital media use and its effects on their perceptions of Germany as their target country

Martin Emmer, Marlene Kunst, Carola Richter

Berlin: Weizenbaum Institut (2020), 29 pp.

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WorldCat (173)

Jahrbuch Migration und Gesellschaft 2019: Schwerpunkt »Digitale Medien«

Hans Karl Peterlini, Jasmin Donlic (eds.)

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2020), 168 pp.

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Digital Diasporas: Postcoloniality, Media and Affect

Sandra Ponzanesi

Interventions, volume 22, issue 8 (2020), pp. 977-993

"This essay revisits the notion of diaspora in connection with recent advancements in communication technologies, which have led to the formation of 'digital diasporas'. The focus is on digital migrants as 'connected users', and therefore as participants in social media platforms. Though there is no ... more

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Migration and Communication: Information and Awareness-Raising Campaigns in Countries of Origin and Transit. Austrian National EMN Conference 2019 Briefing Paper

Vienna: European Migration Network, National Contact Point Austria (2020), 6 pp.

"Information and awareness-raising campaigns for (potential) migrants in third countries constitute a central element of current migration strategies, both at the European and national level. However, little is known about the impact of these campaigns and how they influence migratory behaviour. Inf ... ormation and behaviour change: In light of these limitations, we can learn from findings of rigorous evaluations in other fields, such as behavioural economics, and apply those to how information and awareness-raising can influence behaviour. Therefore, information and awareness-raising campaigns must be built on a contextual understanding of how people form beliefs and expectations and how these are transformed into decisions. Randomized evaluations: Researchers, donors, EU Institutions and Member States are increasingly aware of the importance of creating rigorous evidence and using this evidence to inform policy decisions. To isolate the impact of information and awareness-raising campaigns on migratory behaviour, randomized evaluations are being implemented by some selected researchers and institutions. Lessons learned: Evaluations presented during the conference indicate that peer-to-peer information campaigns have the potential to raise awareness about the risks and opportunities associated with migration. Another example shows that information on the chances of obtaining a legal status in Europe impacts the inclination to migrate. Rigorous evaluations also shed light on how information campaigns compare against other policy interventions, such as providing economic opportunities at the local level. Most evaluations find that migrants and potential migrants respond to reliable and trustworthy information. Social networks: Beside rigorours evidence, which is still rare, qualitative evaluations suggest that campaigns should be built on trust: this can be achieved by using personal or peer-to-peer communication channels, a positive narrative, and messages of legal alternatives rather than deterrence. Finally, in order to create contextappropriate messages and to identify the right target group, diaspora communities and local experts are important stakeholders in the design and implementation of campaigns." (Main take-aways, page 2) more

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Media-Friendly Glossary on Migration: Women Migrant Workers and Ending Violence Against Women (EVAW) Edition
Key Guides

Deepa Bharathi, Swathi Jakkula, Rebecca Napier-Moore, Valentina Volpe

International Labour Organization (ILO); Spotlight Initiative (2020), 23 pp.

"This glossary serves as a guide for journalists, researchers, trainers and other stakeholders who conduct trainings or write about women’s labour migration, and who write about violence against women in the context of migration. It has been compiled as part of the EU-UN Spotlight Initiative to El ... more

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Arab Resistance in the diaspora: Comparing the Saudi dissident and the Egyptian whistleblower

Sahar Khamis, Randall Fowler

Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, volume 13, issue 1 (2020), pp. 31-49

"While much research on Arab and Muslim diasporas in the West focuses on the War(s) on Terror, in this article, we explore how two particular diasporic groups, Egyptian and Saudi activists, work to shape public perceptions of the authoritarian regimes in their countries of origin. Contextualizing th ... more

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Establishing a Credible Narrative on Migration and Migration Policy

Marion Noack, Violeta Wagner, Camilla Fogli

Vienna: International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) (2020), 15 pp.

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Reporting Migration: A Handbook on Migration Reporting for Journalists
Key Guides

Vienna: International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) (2020), 193 pp.

"As you have seen in this handbook, the media can have a huge influence on the overall image of migrants and on migration itself, contributing strongly to the formation of a public discourse and opinion-making on this topic and highlighting the most pressing migration challenges or the various benef ... more

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Syrian Independent Exile Media
Deep Insights

Biljana Tatomir, Enrico de Angelis, Maryia Sadouskaya-Komlach

International Media Support (IMS) (2020), 64 pp.

"The Syrian independent exile media as a sector is at the core of this study. To understand the unique nature of this sector, the study contextualises the issues pertaining to the Syrian independent exile media in the wider framework of exile media globally, and donors’ approaches to media develop ... more

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Journalistische Praxis: Konstruktiver Journalismus. Wie Medien das Thema Migration für Jugendliche umsetzen können

Gabriele Hooffacker

Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2020), xv, 46 pp.

"Heranwachsende wünschen sich Medien, die verständlich berichten, Hintergründe und Lösungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen. Wie das Konzept des konstruktiven Journalismus dabei hilft und wie es in der Journalismusausbildung eingesetzt werden kann, zeigt dieses Buch." (Verlagsbeschreibung)

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Information Seeking and Communication During Forced Migration: An Empirical Analysis of Refugees’ Digital Media Use and its Effects on Their Perceptions of Germany as Their Target Country

Martin Emmer, Marlene Kunst, Carola Richter

Global Media and Communication, volume 16, issue 2 (2020), pp. 167-186

"There is a common perception that ‘every refugee carries a smartphone’, but research on this phenomenon is limited. We conducted a representative survey of 400 refugees to Germany which provides insight into their use of digital media in preparation for and during forced migration. We also aske ... more

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Political migration discourses on social media: A comparative perspective on visibility and sentiment across political Facebook accounts in Europe

Tobias Heidenreich, Jakob-Moritz Eberl, Fabienne Lind, Hajo Boomgaarden

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, volume 46, issue 7 (2020), pp. 1261-1280

"Migration has been dominating media and political discourses in Europe in recent years. Previous studies have mainly mapped migration discourses in traditional media or conventional channels of party communication, often in a single country. Migrationrelated party communication on social network si ... more

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Use of Remote Participatory Video Amidst Coronavirus Pandemic: Experiences from Uganda’s Rhino Camp Refugee Settlement

Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, Master Thesis (2020), 70 pp.

"In the early summer months of the global coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, three community-produced participatory videos were conducted on a remote basis. These projects were made in Uganda, Germany and Turkey with the use of mobile technology to understand the impact of the virus on lives of differ ... more

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Das Indernet: Eine rassismuskritische Internet-Ethnografie

Urmila Goel

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2020), 448 pp.

"Im Jahr 2000 gründeten drei junge Männer das Internetportal »Indernet« – einen deutschsprachigen Raum von »Indern der zweiten Generation« für »Inder der zweiten Generation«. Aufbauend auf Material, das sie über 17 Jahre gesammelt hat, legt Urmila Goel in ihrer Ethnografie drei Mosaike d ... more

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Strategies and (survival) Tactics: The Case of Syrian Oppositional Media in Turkey

Yazan Badran

Journal of Alternative and Community Media, volume 5, issue 1 (2020), pp. 69-85

"This article aims to investigate the regulatory, financial and political environment negotiated by oppositional Syrian media operating in exile in Turkey, as well as to identify the main tactics used by them in negotiating between these constraints to ensure their survival in an increasingly diffic ... more

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The Digital Lives of Refugees and Kenyans with Disabilities in Nairobi: A Human-Centred Design Approach to Identifying Mobile-Enabled Opportunities

London: GSMA (2020), 46 pp.

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Mediennutzung und Medienvertrauen von Migranten: Untersuchung auf Basis des SVR-Integrationsbarometers 2018

Timo Tonassi, Alex Wittlif, Christian Schemer

Media Perspektiven, issue 12 (2020), pp. 626-635

"Das SVR-Integrationsbarometer misst die Sichtweisen und Bewertungen auf beiden Seiten der Einwanderungsgesellschaft. Meistgenutztes Medium für politische Nachrichten ist bei Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund das Fernsehen. Wichtigste Faktoren für die Mediennutzung von Migranten sind Bildung und ... more

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Guía de recolección de datos de personas migrantes

María Esther Cervantes

Montevideo: ILDA (2020), 47 pp.

"El objetivo de esta investigación es el desarrollo de una guía de recolección de datos de migración con el fin entender mejor las características de la población migrante. Las recomendaciones de este trabajo surgen a partir de tres casos de estudio en ciudades/regiones fronterizas: Monterrey ... more

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Reporting on Migration A Handbook for Journalists in West Africa
Key Guides

Michelle Betz, Emmanuel Wongibe, Ibrahima Sané, Mia Barrett, Hannah Murphy

International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2020), vi, 79 pp.

"Journalists have an obligation to report on the issues of migration, refugees and human trafficking in an accurate, fair, balanced, humane and ethical way. These are complex stories. Research and news reports indicate the issue of migration affects countries across the globe on the political, econo ... mic, demographic, security, social, cultural, and other fronts. So, it is important for media to become as knowledgeable as possible on the subject and to create awareness in their respective communities by reporting on it in the best way possible. But before delving into the details, journalists must do their homework and then allocate the necessary amount of time, effort, perseverance and resources. Since not all journalists can dedicate their complete attention to this story, they must at least acquire basic, important information and skills that will help them prepare for the assignment. To start, journalists should understand the reasons behind irregular migration that lead people to journey to another place and what routes they take to reach their destinations which will ensure accurate coverage of people on the move. This handbook seeks to provide guidance for journalists so they can: better understand the complexities of migration; explain how migration can be covered through people- and rights-based storytelling; have a solid understanding of where and how to find migration-related story ideas and sources; better understand the importance of media’s role in covering migration; understand the laws and procedures surrounding the different forms of migration; apply ethical considerations during reporting; adopt a gender-sensitive and gender-inclusive approach to reporting. The target group for this handbook is journalists and media professionals working for public or private media, in print or online in West and Central Africa and other parts of the world. Although it is adapted for journalists, this guide may also be an invaluable resource for other audiences discovering migration issues, such as communication and journalism students, associations or humanitarian organizations, civil society players, senior public officials and teachers and students.Additional resources were created to go alongside this handbook, including an online game called “A Migrant’s Journey”. This choice-based game is based on the real-life experiences of migrants. It highlights some of the many difficult decisions people face in irregular migration." (Introduction, pages 1-2) more

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Assessing the Effectiveness of Online Facebook Campaigns Targeting Potential Irregular Migrants: A Pilot Study in Three West African Countries

Esther Haarman, Jasper Tjaden, Gustavo López

Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2020), 41 pp.

"Studies have shown that many irregular migrants embark on journeys without accurate or complete information about migration. In response, IOM and other organizations run information campaigns intended to inform potential migrants of the dangers associated with irregular migration and to facilitate ... informed decisions. The use of online and social media platforms for these campaigns has become increasingly popular in recent years, due to their potential for quickly reaching millions of people at low cost. While the evidence base for offline information campaigns has been gradually improving, it remains unclear how online communication campaigns affect potential migrants, and methodologies to do this remain underdeveloped. This report therefore presents results from a pilot impact assessment of an online campaign based on Facebook posts in Guinea, Nigeria and Senegal during September 2019 and February 2020 [.] Conclusion: Facebook ad campaigns can reach many people quickly. However, large audience sizes and relatively cheap costs come with a trade-off. The impact of an information campaign on potential migrants’ perceptions, attitudes, knowledge and behaviour remains largely unknown because many Facebook users that engage with the campaign do not fit the intended target group. The advantage of offline over online campaigns is that implementers have more control and information about who attends activities or who is exposed to campaign content. The engagement of users with campaign posts varies largely by audience and post characteristics. Campaign and social media teams are well advised to conduct pilot tests before scaling up activities. Pilot tests can inform a customized approach for each online activity on Facebook, and thereby maximize impact. In addition to A/B tests, lift tests may offer a useful opportunity to test the impact of Facebook posts. Compared to impact assessments of offline information campaigns, measuring the impact of Facebook ads on potential migrants presents several unique challenges, including: Many potential migrants are not on Facebook or do not use ad content to seek information about migration. Internet connectivity is also limited in many West African countries. While Facebook allows users to narrow down target groups, it is not clear whether those Facebook users that are exposed to the content fit the profile of potential migrants. Whether the intended target group is reached can be affirmed only through surveys, which have a low response rate; It is not possible to interview the same Facebook users several times to track changes in their perceptions. Engagement metrics like post reactions, link clicks or video plays can be useful indicators. However, these low-engagement metrics do not offer clear evidence of the short- or long-term effects on Facebook users." (Executive summary) more

Media-Friendly Glossary on Migration: Women Migrant Workers and Ending Violence Against Women (EVAW) Edition Key Guides

Reporting Migration: A Handbook on Migration Reporting for Journalists Key Guides

Syrian Independent Exile Media Deep Insights

Reporting on Migration A Handbook for Journalists in West Africa Key Guides

Media-Friendly Glossary on Migration: Women Migrant Workers and Ending Violence Against Women (EVAW) Edition
Key Guides

Reporting Migration: A Handbook on Migration Reporting for Journalists
Key Guides

Syrian Independent Exile Media
Deep Insights

Reporting on Migration A Handbook for Journalists in West Africa
Key Guides