"This paper has used a series of historical sources, mainly in the Persian language, to explore the one-century history of Afghanistan’s media. The country has 150 years of media history, of which a century has occurred during the monarchy's political system. This study explains the chronological order and structure of the media from the first newspaper, Shams-u-Nahar, which was founded in 1873 during the reign of Amir Shir Ali Khan. In addition, it explains the press's role in the war for the independence of Afghanistan. It also explores the media’s situation during King Zaher Shah’s (1933-1973) reign, when a diverse media environment emerged; simultaneously, systematic political repression was carried out and derailed the diversity. Taking the length of this centenary history into account, it seems that an article might not be enough to cover such a topic. However, so far, the researchers have not found an academic paper that has studied this era in English. Hence, this paper will be the first of its kind to cover this issue in detail to fill this gap and pave the way for researchers to know more about Afghanistan's media history." (Abstract)