"This Toolkit on Procurement of Communication Activities is intended to help World Bank staff and client governments procure communication services in accordance with World Bank procurement guidelines. Communication activities do not always fit within the simple procurement distinction of works, goods and services. We have developed this toolkit to provide guidance on how to align them with the policies and procedures of the World Bank Procurement Guidelines. In preparing this toolkit, we identified specific features of communication-related activities that differ substantially from other activities procured under World Bankfinanced projects, and reviewed relevant documentation from most projects implemented in the past five years that included one or more communication components. We also interviewed many communication specialists, task team leaders and procurement specialists involved in projects with communication components, as well as local representatives and managers in the implementing agencies and with communication industry representatives. This toolkit identifies procurement issues implementing agencies commonly face in designing communication components and provides suggestions on how to mainstream communication components into project design, procurement planning and implementation." (Foreword)