I. THE STUDY OF ACTlVE AUDIENCES, 11
1 Movie Leaders / Elihu Katz and Paul Lazarsfeld, 16
2 Viewers Reactions / James D. Halloran, Phillip Elliott and Graham Murdock, 29
3 Utilization of Mass Communication by the Individual / Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumler and Michael Gurevitch, 35
4 Encoding/Decoding / Stuart Hall, 51
5 News We Can use: An Audience Perspective on the Tabloidisation of News in the United States / S. Elizaheth Bird, 66
6 The Opinion Polls: Still Biased to Blair / Ivor Crewe, 88
II. AUDIENCE COMMUNlTIES, SEGMENTS AND COMMODITIES, 108
7 Good and Bad Practice in Focus Group Research / David E. Morrison, 112
8 All Ears: Radio, Reception and Discourses of Disability / Karen Ross, 131
9 Transnational Communications and Diaspora Communities / Marie Gillespie, 145
10 Children and Television: A Critical Overview of the Research / David Buckingham, 163
11 Ratings Analysis in Advertising / James G. Webster, Patricia F. Phalen and Lawrence W. Lichty, 181
12 Heads of Houshold and Ladies of the House: Gender, Genre and Broadcast Ratings, 1929-1990 / Eileen R. Meehan, 196
III. INTERACTIVE AUDIENCES: FANS, CULTURAL PRODUCTION AND NEW MEDIA, 215
13 Improvising Elvis, Marilyn and Mickey Mouse / Virginia Nightingale, 219
14 Tune in Tomorrow / Nancy Baym, 236
15 Stories of Places and Ways of Being / Annette N. Markham, 252
16 Gamers as Co-Creators: Enlisting the Virtual Audience. A Report from the Netface / John Banks, 268
17 Interactive Audiences? / Henry Jenkins, 279