"A critical review of project reports, studies, and evaluations was conducted to distil lessons learned and find out what really works and why. The results of this review are close to a paradigm shift: Starting as a magic solution from its beginnings, ICTs are now considered as just another normal media channel useful for enhancing the effectiveness of development cooperation programs; It is not the technology that counts; it is the economic and social processes behind the technology that drives the change; Thus, ICTs are instrumental, not a goal in itself, and they should serve to improve the practice of development cooperation; The once harsh contrast between ICTs and old media is already close to be overcome, and both are seen as just different instruments for different purposes applicable to different target groups; To reach the poor and marginalized and get their participation ensured (‘voice’), radio is still the most appropriate media channel, at best combined with mobile telephony, to which all segments of society are increasingly gaining access; Internet and PCs are more appropriate for the urban elite, for NGOs and other intermediaries to the poor and marginalised. Thus, a target group specific approach to ICTs and media is the most promising for improving development cooperation projects." (Executive summary)