"DW Akademie commissioned field studies in the following six Middle Eastern and Northern African countries in 2019/20: Lebanon, Jordan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. The initiative to carry out these studies stems from DW Akademie’s long-standing experience in the MENA region and the identified need to understand the singularities regarding the communication challenges posed by migration and displacement. The following research questions underpinned the study: 1. How does the national media represent the topics of migration and displacement? Are the voices of migrants and refugees heard in mainstream media? 2. What are the communication tools and strategies of important stakeholders in the field of migration and displacement in each of the six countries? 3. How do migrants and refugees access information and how do they communicate within their communities and the host societies? 4. Are migrant and refugee communities able to access information necessary to making informed decisions? What information do they seek? 5. What are the existing media development initiatives in each country?" (Introduction, page 7)