Document details

Newspapers That Never Arrive

Reporters Without Borders (2019), 45 pp.
"A newspaper’s printers, transporters, distributors and retailers are rarely named in its masthead or credits, but they are all essential links in the long and complex press distribution chain. Without them, readers would not be able to access news each day, week or month and they would be denied access to diverse sources of information, essential nourishment needed to feed minds in a democratic society. Press freedom is based not only on the ability of journalists and their news organizations to work without constraint or fear, but also on the freedom to circulate the product of their work. A publisher’s financial health must be preserved, printers must be free to print whatever newspapers they want, and finally, whether state-owned, privately-owned or cooperative, distributors must distribute all print media, regardless of their nature, with the same diligence and impartiality throughout the country. Any interference or any impediment in to this process limits the public’s access to information. According to a survey by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) in more than 90 countries, 68% of cases of obstruction in the circulation of newspapers are attributable to governments and state authorities, while 41% of cases of newspaper censorship take place at the point of sale. Until it reaches the hands of its readers, a newspaper continues to be vulnerable, and the predators of press freedom are infinitely imaginative. Entire newspaper issues are confiscated as they come off the press or are bought up from newsstands, content is surreptitiously substituted, crippling import duties are introduced and orchestrated shortages in essential raw material such as newsprint all take place. Using these methods, if the individual, group or government hasn’t prevented a journalistic investigation or silenced the journalist, they still have many ways to block information during the dissemination process. The methods of censorship range from the most obvious and brutal – for example, killing a newspaper seller who is shouting out a headline – to the most insidious. It sometimes takes time, but the control that an oligarch or government exercises over the print or distribution sector may allow them to get rid of an unwanted publication discreetly and definitively. In an increasingly digital world where the print media is in continual decline — it lost an average of 10% of its readers and advertising income in 2017-2018 — newspaper printing and distribution sectors are more and more vulnerable to pressure. Because of this, it is imperative to expose and make public the practices that threaten our fundamental freedom to be informed." (Foreword)
I. READERS WITH NO NEWSPAPERS TO BUY, 6
Removing newspapers from newsstands -- Very selective display -- Threats and violence used to remove unwanted content -- Obstruction of print media distribution in figures
II. THE MANY PITFALLS OF PRINT MEDIA DELIVERY, 16
Transportation and obstacles to distribution -- Delivery limited by postal charges or taxes -- Borders that cannot be crossed -- Distribution's "serial censors"
III. PRINTING - A FRAGILE STAGE IN THE PROCESS, 30
Printing presses exposed to every kind of danger -- Newsprint worth its weight in gold -- State and private-sector monopolies that restrict printing and distribution
IV. RSF RECOMMENDATIONS, 44