"1. Consideration should be given at an early stage of an investigation whether there are connections between the victim’s journalistic activities and the crimes committed against them. 2. Investigators should be given specific training around the issues and challenges faced in investigating crimes against journalists. 3. Journalistic sources are confidential and should be treated as such at every stage of the investigation and judicial proceedings. Authorities must take all possible measures to ensure the protection of journalistic material/confidential data that may lead to the identification of sources. 4. Consideration should be given to the creation of specialist units or teams dedicated to investigating and prosecuting crimes against journalists. 5. Investigators may benefit from cooperation and liaison with other investigative forces, notably transnational ones and specialist units, who may be able to provide specialist technical expertise. 6. While the role of law enforcement agents, including forensic investigators, differs according to their investigative jurisdiction, it is important that international good practice regarding the investigation of cases involving journalists applies. 7. Investigations into crimes against journalists must be effective, thorough, impartial, independent and prompt. When possible, information on the investigation should be provided to the public through the media in an open and transparent manner, and taking care to avoid prejudicing the investigation or breaching court orders. 8. In cases where there are credible allegations of the involvement of State agents in crimes against journalists, investigations should be carried out by an authority outside the jurisdiction, or sphere of influence of those authorities." (Summary of key recommendations)