The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism
London; New York: Routledge (2021), xxvi, 582 pp.
Contains index
Series: Routledge Media and Cultural Studies Companions
ISBN 978-1-00-300443-1 (ebook); 978-0-367-43576-9 (hbk)
"This companion brings together various concepts used to analyse dimensions of media disinformation and populism. The companion is theoretically and methodologically comprehensive and features various historical and critical approaches providing a full and incisive understanding of media, misinformation and populism. It is both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary consisting of contributions from scholars analysing aspects of misinformation, disinformation and populism across countries, political systems and media systems. A global, comparative approach to the study of misinformation and populism is important in identifying common elements and particular characteristics, and these individual essays cover a wide range of topics and themes, with contributions from both leading and young scholars. The distinctiveness of the companion is its encompassing of a variety of subject areas: Political Communication, Journalism, Law, Sociology, Cultural studies, International Politics, and International Relations." (Publisher description)
Introduction / Howard Tumber amd Silvio Waisbord, 1
1 Media, disinformation, and populism: problems and responses / Howard Tumber and Silvio Waisbord, 13
I. KEY CONCEPTS
2 What do we mean by populism? / Carlos de la Torre, 29
3 Misinformation and disinformation / Rachel Armitage and Cristian Vaccari, 38
4 Rethinking mediatisation: populism and the mediatisation of politics / Daniel C. Hallin, 49
5 Media systems and misinformation / Jonathan Hardy, 59
6 Rewired propaganda: propaganda, misinformation, and populism in the digital age / Sarah Oates, 71
7 Hate propaganda / Cherian George, 80
8 Filter bubbles and digital echo chambers / Judith Möller, 92
9 Disputes over or against reality? Fine-graining the textures of post-truth politics / Susana Salgado, 101
10 Fake news / Edson C. Tandoc, 110
II. MEDIA MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION
11 The evolution of computational propaganda: theories, debates, and innovation of the Russian model / Dariya Tsyrenzhapova and Samuel C. Woolley, 121
12 Polarisation and misinformation / Johanna Dunaway, 131
13 Data journalism and misinformation / Oscar Westlund and Alfred Hermida, 142
14 Media and the ‘alt-right’ / George Hawley, 151
15 ‘Listen to your gut’: how Fox News’s populist style changed the American public sphere and journalistic truth in the process / Reece Peck, 160
16 Alternative online political media: challenging or exacerbating populism and mis/disinformation? / Declan McDowell-Naylor, Richard Thomas, and Stephen Cushion, 169
17 Online harassment of journalists as a consequence of populism, mis/disinformation, and impunity / Jeannine E. Relly, 178
18 Lessons from an extraordinary year: four heuristics for studying mediated misinformation in 2020 and beyond / Lucas Graves, 188
19 Right-wing populism, visual disinformation, and Brexit: from the UKIP ‘Breaking Point’ poster to the aftermath of the London Westminster bridge attack / Simon Faulkner, Hannah Guy, and Farida Vis, 198
III. THE POLITICS OF MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION
20 Misogyny and the politics of misinformation / Sarah Banet-Weiser, 211
21 Anti-immigration disinformation / Eileen Culloty and Jane Suiter, 221
22 Science and the politics of misinformation / Jeremy Levy, Robin Bayes, Toby Bolsen, and James N. Druckman, 231
23 Government disinformation in war and conflict / Rhys Crilley and Precious N. Chatterje-Doody, 242
24 Military disinformation: a bodyguard of lies / Kevin Foster, 253
25 Extreme right and mis/disinformation / Thomas Frissen, Leen d’Haenens, and Michaël Opgenhaffen, 268
26 Information disorder practices in contemporary Russia / Svetlana S. Bodrunova, 279
27 Protest, activism, and false information / Jennifer Earl, Rina James, Elliot Ramo, and Sam Scovill, 290
28 Conspiracy theories: misinformed publics or wittingly believing false information? / Jaron Harambam, 302
29 Corrupted infrastructures of meaning: post-truth identities online / Catherine R. Baker and Andrew Chadwick, 312
30 Consumption of misinformation and disinformation / Sophie Lecheler and Jana Laura Egelhofer, 323
IV. MEDIA AND POPULISM
31 Populism in Africa: personalistic leaders and the illusion of representation / Bruce Mutsvairo and Susana Salgado, 335
32 Populism and misinformation from the American Revolution to the twenty-first-century United States / Chris Wells and Alex Rochefort, 345
33 Populism, media, and misinformation in Latin America / Ignacio Siles, Larissa Tristán, and Carolina Carazo, 356
34 Perceived mis- and disinformation in a post-factual information setting: a conceptualisation and evidence from ten European countries / Michael Hameleers and Claes de Vreese, 366
35 The role of social media in the rise of right-wing populism in Finland / Karina Horsti and Tuija Saresma, 376
36 Social media manipulation in Turkey: actors, tactics, targets / Bilge Yesil, 386
37 Populist rhetoric and media misinformation in the 2016 UK Brexit referendum / Glenda Cooper, 397
38 Media policy failures and the emergence of right-wing populism / Des Freedman, 411
39 Disentangling polarisation and civic empowerment in the digital age: the role of filter bubbles and echo chambers in the rise of populism / William H. Dutton and Craig T. Robertson, 420
V. RESPONSES TO MISINFORMATION, DISINFORMATION, AND POPULISM
40 Legal and regulatory responses to misinformation and populism / Alison Harcourt, 437
41 Global responses to misinformation and populism / Daniel Funke, 449
42 Singapore’s fake news law: countering populists’ falsehoods and truth-making / Shawn Goh and Carol Soon, 459
43 Debunking misinformation / Eun-Ju Lee and Soo Yun Shin, 470
44 News literacy and misinformation / Melissa Tully, 480
45 Media and information literacies as a response to misinformation and populism / Nicole A. Cooke, 489
46 People-powered correction: fixing misinformation on social media / Leticia Bode and Emily K. Vraga, 498
47 Countering hate speech / Babak Bahador, 507
48 Constructing digital counter-narratives as a response to disinformation and populism / Eva Giraud and Elizabeth Poole, 519
49 Journalistic responses to misinformation / Maria Kyriakidou and Stephen Cushion, 529
50 Responses to mis/disinformation: practitioner experiences and approaches in low income settings / James Deane, 538
51 The effect of corrections and corrected misinformation / Emily Thorson and Jianing Li, 548
52 Building connective democracy: interdisciplinary solutions to the problem of polarisation / Christian Staal Bruun Overgaard, Anthony Dudo, Matthew Lease, Gina M. Masullo, Natalie Jomini Stroud, Scott R. Stroud, and Samuel C. Woolley, 559
1 Media, disinformation, and populism: problems and responses / Howard Tumber and Silvio Waisbord, 13
I. KEY CONCEPTS
2 What do we mean by populism? / Carlos de la Torre, 29
3 Misinformation and disinformation / Rachel Armitage and Cristian Vaccari, 38
4 Rethinking mediatisation: populism and the mediatisation of politics / Daniel C. Hallin, 49
5 Media systems and misinformation / Jonathan Hardy, 59
6 Rewired propaganda: propaganda, misinformation, and populism in the digital age / Sarah Oates, 71
7 Hate propaganda / Cherian George, 80
8 Filter bubbles and digital echo chambers / Judith Möller, 92
9 Disputes over or against reality? Fine-graining the textures of post-truth politics / Susana Salgado, 101
10 Fake news / Edson C. Tandoc, 110
II. MEDIA MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION
11 The evolution of computational propaganda: theories, debates, and innovation of the Russian model / Dariya Tsyrenzhapova and Samuel C. Woolley, 121
12 Polarisation and misinformation / Johanna Dunaway, 131
13 Data journalism and misinformation / Oscar Westlund and Alfred Hermida, 142
14 Media and the ‘alt-right’ / George Hawley, 151
15 ‘Listen to your gut’: how Fox News’s populist style changed the American public sphere and journalistic truth in the process / Reece Peck, 160
16 Alternative online political media: challenging or exacerbating populism and mis/disinformation? / Declan McDowell-Naylor, Richard Thomas, and Stephen Cushion, 169
17 Online harassment of journalists as a consequence of populism, mis/disinformation, and impunity / Jeannine E. Relly, 178
18 Lessons from an extraordinary year: four heuristics for studying mediated misinformation in 2020 and beyond / Lucas Graves, 188
19 Right-wing populism, visual disinformation, and Brexit: from the UKIP ‘Breaking Point’ poster to the aftermath of the London Westminster bridge attack / Simon Faulkner, Hannah Guy, and Farida Vis, 198
III. THE POLITICS OF MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION
20 Misogyny and the politics of misinformation / Sarah Banet-Weiser, 211
21 Anti-immigration disinformation / Eileen Culloty and Jane Suiter, 221
22 Science and the politics of misinformation / Jeremy Levy, Robin Bayes, Toby Bolsen, and James N. Druckman, 231
23 Government disinformation in war and conflict / Rhys Crilley and Precious N. Chatterje-Doody, 242
24 Military disinformation: a bodyguard of lies / Kevin Foster, 253
25 Extreme right and mis/disinformation / Thomas Frissen, Leen d’Haenens, and Michaël Opgenhaffen, 268
26 Information disorder practices in contemporary Russia / Svetlana S. Bodrunova, 279
27 Protest, activism, and false information / Jennifer Earl, Rina James, Elliot Ramo, and Sam Scovill, 290
28 Conspiracy theories: misinformed publics or wittingly believing false information? / Jaron Harambam, 302
29 Corrupted infrastructures of meaning: post-truth identities online / Catherine R. Baker and Andrew Chadwick, 312
30 Consumption of misinformation and disinformation / Sophie Lecheler and Jana Laura Egelhofer, 323
IV. MEDIA AND POPULISM
31 Populism in Africa: personalistic leaders and the illusion of representation / Bruce Mutsvairo and Susana Salgado, 335
32 Populism and misinformation from the American Revolution to the twenty-first-century United States / Chris Wells and Alex Rochefort, 345
33 Populism, media, and misinformation in Latin America / Ignacio Siles, Larissa Tristán, and Carolina Carazo, 356
34 Perceived mis- and disinformation in a post-factual information setting: a conceptualisation and evidence from ten European countries / Michael Hameleers and Claes de Vreese, 366
35 The role of social media in the rise of right-wing populism in Finland / Karina Horsti and Tuija Saresma, 376
36 Social media manipulation in Turkey: actors, tactics, targets / Bilge Yesil, 386
37 Populist rhetoric and media misinformation in the 2016 UK Brexit referendum / Glenda Cooper, 397
38 Media policy failures and the emergence of right-wing populism / Des Freedman, 411
39 Disentangling polarisation and civic empowerment in the digital age: the role of filter bubbles and echo chambers in the rise of populism / William H. Dutton and Craig T. Robertson, 420
V. RESPONSES TO MISINFORMATION, DISINFORMATION, AND POPULISM
40 Legal and regulatory responses to misinformation and populism / Alison Harcourt, 437
41 Global responses to misinformation and populism / Daniel Funke, 449
42 Singapore’s fake news law: countering populists’ falsehoods and truth-making / Shawn Goh and Carol Soon, 459
43 Debunking misinformation / Eun-Ju Lee and Soo Yun Shin, 470
44 News literacy and misinformation / Melissa Tully, 480
45 Media and information literacies as a response to misinformation and populism / Nicole A. Cooke, 489
46 People-powered correction: fixing misinformation on social media / Leticia Bode and Emily K. Vraga, 498
47 Countering hate speech / Babak Bahador, 507
48 Constructing digital counter-narratives as a response to disinformation and populism / Eva Giraud and Elizabeth Poole, 519
49 Journalistic responses to misinformation / Maria Kyriakidou and Stephen Cushion, 529
50 Responses to mis/disinformation: practitioner experiences and approaches in low income settings / James Deane, 538
51 The effect of corrections and corrected misinformation / Emily Thorson and Jianing Li, 548
52 Building connective democracy: interdisciplinary solutions to the problem of polarisation / Christian Staal Bruun Overgaard, Anthony Dudo, Matthew Lease, Gina M. Masullo, Natalie Jomini Stroud, Scott R. Stroud, and Samuel C. Woolley, 559
