Tools Together Now! 100 Participatory Tools to Mobilise Communities for HIV/AIDS
Key Guidance
Brighton: International HIV/AIDS Alliance (2006), 248 pp.
Contains many illustrations
"This toolkit provides a selection of 100 participatory learning and action (PLA) tools which you can use for HIV/AIDS programmes. PLA tools are interactive activities which enable communities and organisations to learn together about a HIV/AIDS in their community, develop a plan, act on it and evaluate and reflect on how it went. The philosophy of this set of publications is that organisations and communities have to work as closely together as possible if they are to address HIV/AIDS successfully." (Page 6)
SECTION A: AN INTRODUCTION TO TOOLS TOGETHER NOW! 5
An introduction to participatory learning and action, 8
Facilitating PLA, 16
Planning PLA sessions, 25
Training PLA facilitators, 35
SECTION B: MAPPING TOOLS
1 Body mapping, 40
2 Broad mapping, 42
3 Community mapping, 44
4 Focused mapping, 46
5 (Gendered) resource mapping, 48
6 Health facility mapping, 50
7 Household mapping, 52
8 Interventions mapping, 54
9 Mapping stigma, 56
10 Mobility mapping, 58
11 Social network mapping, 60
12 Transect walks, 62
13 Well-being mapping, 64
14 Universe map, 66
SECTION C: TIME ANALYSIS TOOLS
15 Before and now diagram, 68
16 Daily activity charts, 70
17 Health journey, 72
18 Lifeline, 74
19 Seasonal calendar, 76
20 Seasonal health and disease calendars, 78
21 Trend diagram, 80
SECTION D: LINKAGES AND RELATIONSHIPS TOOLS
22 Cause and effect diagram, 82
23 Circles diagram, 84
24 Division of labour chart, 86
25 Gender boxes, 88
26 Gender roles chart, 90
27 Gender myths, 92
28 Helping relationship web, 94
29 Octopus diagram, 96
30 Problem tree, 98
31 Road blocks, 100
32 Spider diagram, 102
33 Services web, 104
34 Story with a gap, 106
SECTION E: EXPERIENTIAL TOOLS
35 Agony aunt letters, 108
36 Agree/disagree game, 110
37 Buzz groups, 112
38 Case studies, 114
39 Courage to change, 116
40 Community drama, 118
41 Debating, 120
42 Focus group discussions, 122
43 Graffiti wall, 124
44 Hot seating, 126
45 Ideal images, 128
46 Knowledge, skills and attitudes, 130
47 Life history, 132
48 Margolis wheel, 134
49 Negotiation card game, 136
50 Participatory IEC production, 138
51 Participatory photography, 140
52 Participatory video, 142
53 Picture codes, 144
54 Picture story, 146
55 Risk game, 148
56 Role play, 150
57 Thought shower, 152
58 Story telling, 154
59 'Walk in their shoes' or field immersions, 156
60 What is ...? diagram, 158
SECTION F: PRIORITISATION AND QUANTIFICATION TOOLS
61 Card sorting, 160
62 Evaluation wheel, 162
63 Matrix scoring, 164
64 Pair-wise ranking, 166
65 Pie charts (chapatti diagram), 168
66 Ranking line, 170
67 Weighted matrix ranking, 172
SECTION G: ACTION PLANNING TOOLS
68 Writing aims and objectives, 174
69 Action planning, 176
70 Measuring empowerment, 178
71 Assessment summary matrix, 180
72 Desired change diagram, 182
73 Activity prioritisation grid, 184
74 Feasibility matrix, 186
75 Force field analysis, 188
76 Impact matrix, 190
77 Laws and policies matrix, 192
78 Low hanging fruit, 194
79 Most significant change tool, 196
80 Output/outcome matrix, 198
81 Stakeholder participation matrix, 200
82 Problem wall and solution tree, 202
83 Project planning timeline, 204
84 Risk assessment, 206
85 Roles and responsibilities, 208
86 Solution/objective tree, 210
87 Sustainability matrix, 212
88 SWOC analysis, 214
89 Targeting, 216
90 VEN sorting, 218
91 Vision diagramming, 220
SECTION H: PLA TRAINING TOOLS
92 Good vs bad facilitation, 222
93 Back-to-front/front-to-back, 224
94 Bad/good listening in pairs, 226
95 Probing deeper, 228
96 Open and closed, 230
97 Sensitive subjects, 232
98 Saboteur! 234
99 Trust game, 236
100 Your own tools, 238
SECTION I: APPENDICES 240
Facilitating and planning PLA checklist, 241
PLA session planning form, 242
PLA materials checklist, 243
Ethics checklist for PLA and community mobilisation, 244
Sample PLA note-taking form, 246
Further reading and sources of information, 247
An introduction to participatory learning and action, 8
Facilitating PLA, 16
Planning PLA sessions, 25
Training PLA facilitators, 35
SECTION B: MAPPING TOOLS
1 Body mapping, 40
2 Broad mapping, 42
3 Community mapping, 44
4 Focused mapping, 46
5 (Gendered) resource mapping, 48
6 Health facility mapping, 50
7 Household mapping, 52
8 Interventions mapping, 54
9 Mapping stigma, 56
10 Mobility mapping, 58
11 Social network mapping, 60
12 Transect walks, 62
13 Well-being mapping, 64
14 Universe map, 66
SECTION C: TIME ANALYSIS TOOLS
15 Before and now diagram, 68
16 Daily activity charts, 70
17 Health journey, 72
18 Lifeline, 74
19 Seasonal calendar, 76
20 Seasonal health and disease calendars, 78
21 Trend diagram, 80
SECTION D: LINKAGES AND RELATIONSHIPS TOOLS
22 Cause and effect diagram, 82
23 Circles diagram, 84
24 Division of labour chart, 86
25 Gender boxes, 88
26 Gender roles chart, 90
27 Gender myths, 92
28 Helping relationship web, 94
29 Octopus diagram, 96
30 Problem tree, 98
31 Road blocks, 100
32 Spider diagram, 102
33 Services web, 104
34 Story with a gap, 106
SECTION E: EXPERIENTIAL TOOLS
35 Agony aunt letters, 108
36 Agree/disagree game, 110
37 Buzz groups, 112
38 Case studies, 114
39 Courage to change, 116
40 Community drama, 118
41 Debating, 120
42 Focus group discussions, 122
43 Graffiti wall, 124
44 Hot seating, 126
45 Ideal images, 128
46 Knowledge, skills and attitudes, 130
47 Life history, 132
48 Margolis wheel, 134
49 Negotiation card game, 136
50 Participatory IEC production, 138
51 Participatory photography, 140
52 Participatory video, 142
53 Picture codes, 144
54 Picture story, 146
55 Risk game, 148
56 Role play, 150
57 Thought shower, 152
58 Story telling, 154
59 'Walk in their shoes' or field immersions, 156
60 What is ...? diagram, 158
SECTION F: PRIORITISATION AND QUANTIFICATION TOOLS
61 Card sorting, 160
62 Evaluation wheel, 162
63 Matrix scoring, 164
64 Pair-wise ranking, 166
65 Pie charts (chapatti diagram), 168
66 Ranking line, 170
67 Weighted matrix ranking, 172
SECTION G: ACTION PLANNING TOOLS
68 Writing aims and objectives, 174
69 Action planning, 176
70 Measuring empowerment, 178
71 Assessment summary matrix, 180
72 Desired change diagram, 182
73 Activity prioritisation grid, 184
74 Feasibility matrix, 186
75 Force field analysis, 188
76 Impact matrix, 190
77 Laws and policies matrix, 192
78 Low hanging fruit, 194
79 Most significant change tool, 196
80 Output/outcome matrix, 198
81 Stakeholder participation matrix, 200
82 Problem wall and solution tree, 202
83 Project planning timeline, 204
84 Risk assessment, 206
85 Roles and responsibilities, 208
86 Solution/objective tree, 210
87 Sustainability matrix, 212
88 SWOC analysis, 214
89 Targeting, 216
90 VEN sorting, 218
91 Vision diagramming, 220
SECTION H: PLA TRAINING TOOLS
92 Good vs bad facilitation, 222
93 Back-to-front/front-to-back, 224
94 Bad/good listening in pairs, 226
95 Probing deeper, 228
96 Open and closed, 230
97 Sensitive subjects, 232
98 Saboteur! 234
99 Trust game, 236
100 Your own tools, 238
SECTION I: APPENDICES 240
Facilitating and planning PLA checklist, 241
PLA session planning form, 242
PLA materials checklist, 243
Ethics checklist for PLA and community mobilisation, 244
Sample PLA note-taking form, 246
Further reading and sources of information, 247
