"This book explores visual political engagement online – how citizens participate in the dynamism of life in society by expressing their opinions and emotions on various issues of democratic life in image-based social media posts, independent of collective actions. Looking beyond large digital social movements to focus on the everyday, the book provides a well-documented and comprehensive framework of key notions, concrete methods and examples of empirical insights into everyday visual citizenship on social media. It shows how the visual has become ubiquitous in citizens’ communication on social media, focusing on how citizens use visual content to express their emotions and opinions on social media platforms when they discuss politics in a large sense." (Publisher description)
Introduction: Visual citizenship: communicating political opinions and emotions on social media, 1
PART 1: CONCEPTS
1 Everyday political expression as a citizenship practice, 17
2 Citizenship, social media and visual cultures, 33
3 Personalised citizenship, 44
4 Visual creativity and civic engagement, 54
5 Affective citizenship, 71
PART 2: METHODS
6 Challenges to the validity of visual studies, 91
7 Systemic functional approaches to visual content, 103
8 Methodological standards for quantitative content analysis of social media posts, 147
9 Categories for visual content analysis, 163
10 Appraisal in text-image social media content, 194
PART 3: EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS
11 The Brexit vote and its aftermath: quantitative results, 237
12 Opinions and emotions in text-image relations, 260
13 Metaphoric judgement and creativity in the Brexit context, 286