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Impact Grids
INTRAC (2017), 3 pp.
"An impact grid is a tool that helps stakeholders involved in a development intervention to analyse multiple changes by mapping those changes onto a grid. A typical grid charts the extent of change alongside the degree of contribution of the intervention. Impact grids can be used for many different
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Focus Group Discussions
INTRAC (2017), 3 pp.
"Focus group discussions are facilitated discussions, held with a small group of people who have specialist knowledge or interest in a particular topic. They are used to find out the perceptions and attitudes of a defined group of people. Focus group discussions can be applied at any stage of the pr
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Most Significant Change
INTRAC (2017), 4 pp.
"The Most Significant Change (MSC) technique is a form of participatory monitoring and evaluation. It involves the collection and selection of stories of change, produced by programme or project stakeholders. MSC can be used in projects and programmes where it is not possible to precisely predict de
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Randomised Control Trials
INTRAC (2017), 6 pp.
"In a Randomised Control Trial (RCT) different units are randomly assigned to separate groups. One group receives a development intervention and the other does not. Changes in the two groups over time are then compared to accurately measure the effect of the intervention. RCTs have been much debated
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Interviews
INTRAC (2017), 4 pp.
"Interviews are routinely carried out when projects and programmes are planned, monitored or evaluated. Interviews may be carried out face-to-face or through remote media. They may be carried out with individuals or groups. They may be unstructured, semi-structured or structured. And they may be inf
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Indicators
INTRAC (2017), 4 pp.
"Indicators are commonly used in social development to provide evidence of change. They form an important part of most monitoring and evaluation systems and approaches. There are many different types of indicator, including quantitative and qualitative indicators. They can be developed in different
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Types of Evaluation
INTRAC (2017), 4 pp.
"There are many different types of evaluation. Each type has its own set of processes and/or principles. Many factors influence decisions over what type of evaluation to use. Evaluations can be categorised according to their purpose, who conducts them, when they are carried out, the broad approach u
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Developmental Evaluation
INTRAC (2017), 3 pp.
"Developmental evaluation involves long-term relationships between evaluators and project or programme staff. Evaluation is ongoing, which means that feedback can be provided on a continuous basis. Development evaluation is particularly appropriate for projects or programmes working in complex or un
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Photography and Video
INTRAC (2017), 3 pp.
"Photography and video can be used as data collection methods. They can also be used to help analyse or communicate information. Photography and video can be used as monitoring and evaluation tools on their own, or in combination with other methodologies. They can both be applied as participatory te
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Click! Using YouTube as a Training Tool
INTRAC (2015), 15 pp.
"This praxis note suggests some possible ways to harness YouTube in support of civil society development. Firstly, it examines the ways in which YouTube might be used. Secondly, there are suggestions of particular clips that INTRAC staff and others have found useful." (Page 2)
Tracking Progress in Advocacy: Why and How to Monitor and Evaluate Advocacy Projects and Programmes
Oxford: INTRAC (2009), 11 pp.
"This paper introduces the scope of, and rational for, engaging in advocacy work as part of development interventions. It then focuses on the issue of monitoring and evaluating these efforts – offering reasons why and when these processes should be planned and implemented, what’s involved, and w
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Developing M&E Systems for Complex Organisations: A Methodology
Oxford: INTRAC (2009), 36 pp.
"The paper is divided into two parts: Part One describes a methodology for designing an M&E system. This covers a number of stages from defining the scope and purpose of the system to its eventual roll out. However, it does not cover the implementation of the M&E system. Part Two addresses many of t
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Rising to the Challenges: Assessing the Impacts of Organisational Capacity Building
Oxford: INTRAC (2005), 29 pp.
"This Praxis Paper offers a brief overview of current thinking and practice in relation to the impact assessment of organisational capacity building interventions. The paper highlights some of the conceptual, methodological and practical challenges (issues of clarity, power and culture, among others
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Sharpening the Development Process: A Practical Guide to Monitoring and Evaluation
Oxford: INTRAC (2003), xi, 139 pp.
"This book provides a detailed introduction to the process of developing monitoring and evaluation systems which will provide a foundation on which to develop personal and organisational learning. It is based on INTRAC’s research, consultancy and training work and is rooted in real experiences. Th
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People and Change: Exploring Capacity Building in NGOs
Oxford: INTRAC (2002), 161 pp.
"People and Change is about improving the impact of capacity building. Based on many years of practical experiences with NGOs, largely in Africa, this book argues that for capacity building programmes to be more effective we must: better appreciate the complex and highly personal dimensions to organ
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The Role of the Church in Advocacy: Case Studies from Southern and Eastern Africa
INTRAC (1999), 101 pp.
"The primary objective of this research has been to review the experiences and analyse the role of the mainline churches in advocacy in support of human rights, democracy and poverty alleviation in Africa. It has set out to identify what is the particular contribution that churches can bring to such
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"This book is an attempt to set out guidelines for evaluating social development processes. Intendend as a practical guide for undertaking the evaluation of social development projects this book combines a theoretical overview of the concepts involved, and insights into evaluation planning and imple
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