mediadev library

Internet Shutdowns: A Human Rights Issue

Julia Ryng, Guillemette Guicherd, Judy Al Saman, Priyanka Choudhury, Kellett, Angharad

RUSI Journal, volume 167, issue 4-5 (2023), pp. 50-63

"The internet is a double-edged sword: civilians can mobilise it to assemble and voice dissent, but illiberal regimes can also weaponise it to consolidate power and suppress any form of opposition. Internet shutdowns – intentional disruptions of internet services – represent one method used to l ... more

Fighting Lies with Facts or Humor: Comparing the Effectiveness of Satirical and Regular Fact-Checks in Response to Misinformation and Disinformation

Mark Boukes, Michael Hameleers

Communication Monographs, volume 90, issue 1 (2023), pp. 69-91

"This study tested the effectiveness of fact-check format (regular vs. satirical) to refute different types of false information. Specifically, we conducted a pre-registered online survey experiment (N = 849) that compared the effects of regular fact-checkers and satirist refutations in response to ... more

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Observatorio Iberoamericano de Ficción Televisiva OBITEL 2023. As produtoras independentes e a internacionalização da produção de ficção televisiva na Ibero-América = Las productoras independientes y la internacionalización de la producción de ficción televisiva en Iberoamérica
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Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes, Juan Piñon, Catarina Duff Burnay, Rosario Sánchez Vilela, Mónica S. Kirchheimer (eds.)

Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile (2023), 367 pp.

"Probablemente, el indicador más elocuente del descenso en la producción es que, sumados, los mismos países produjeron en 2022 un 54% de lo que producían en 2012. El gráfico 3 muestra las caídas ocurridas en cada país. A nivel agregado, los niveles de producción de 2012 son similares a los ... de 2017, pero a partir de ahí empieza una disminución que se agudiza durante la pandemia, se recupera parcialmente en 2021 y vuelve a caer en 2022. A los factores ya mencionados como algunas de las posibles causas de la caída, el descenso inversión publicitaria y desplazamiento de hacia las plataformas, cabe considerar otros dos que apuntan a la sustitución: la ya consolidada presencia de telenovelas turcas y de otros orígenes incipientes y también la competencia de las reposiciones. La brecha en la calidad visual de las realizaciones de fines de los años 90 en adelante, respecto de las actuales, es baja. Telenovelas históricas como Terra Nostra, Betty la Fea o Pasión de Gavilanes se reprograman y son consumidas de un modo parecido a las actuales. Un elemento recurrente entre los capítulos nacionales de este informe es relevar la importancia de la reposición de materiales ya exhibidos. Los intercambios de contenidos audiovisuales entre países iberoamericanos han estado presentes por décadas, pero hay fuertes diferencias en las cantidades de producciones que cada país importa o exporta. Asimismo, también hay diferencias en la variedad de orígenes desde los que se importan contenidos. En los capítulos nacionales se muestra la cantidad de títulos y horas de ficción televisiva de estreno iberoamericana de exhibida en el país durante 2022. Vistas individualmente, muestran los consumos locales. Sin embargo, al combinarlas, revelan los flujos de intercambios de producciones entre países.Eso es lo que se muestra en la tabla 3, usando las horas como unidad de medida. La tabla 3 puede leerse vertical y horizontalmente. Leída verticalmente, muestra el origen de la ficción televisiva de estreno exhibida en cada país. Horizontalmente, muestra los distintos países en que se exhibió ficción televisiva originada en un país [...] La tabla 3 muestra que el principal país exportador de ficción televisiva en Iberoamérica es México, al igual que en los años anteriores. En 2022 vendió contenidos a todos los países, salvo Portugal, siendo además, con la excepción del cono sur, el principal exportador hacia cada uno de los países de la región. En segundo lugar, tanto en volumen como en cantidad de países a los que exportó, está Brasil. Un caso llamativo es Colombia: no sólo redujo sus exportaciones en casi un 60%, sino que su producción se redujo en un 53%, fundamentalmente por la reducción en la producción de telenovelas. Los casos de España y Portugal son interesantes en 2022 por la misma razón que lo fueron en 2021. Su volumen de producción los ubica sólo por debajo de Brasil o México y muy por encima de todos los demás países. La factura de sus realizaciones es de alto estándar. Sin embargo, sus niveles de exportaciones no alcanzan al 5% de lo producido." (Páginas 26-28) more

Freedom on the Net 2023: The Repressive Power of Artificial Intelligence

Adrian Shahbaz et al.

Washington, DC: Freedomhouse (2023), 45 pp.

"1. Global internet freedom declined for the 13th consecutive year. Digital repression intensified in Iran, home to this year’s worst decline, as authorities shut down internet service, blocked WhatsApp and Instagram, and increased surveillance in a bid to quell antigovernment protests. Myanmar ca ... more

Ibero-American Observatory of Television Fiction Obitel 2022: Transformations in the Seriality of Ibero-American Television Fiction in Times of Streaming
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Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes, Juan Piñon, Catarina Duff Burnay, Rosario Sánchez Vilela (eds.)

Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile (2022), 382 pp.

"In some of the countries, to a greater extent Spain and the Hispanic USA, fiction consistently occupies at least 40% of the programming time. This occurs in countries that, due to income levels, should be those with a higher degree of access to other sources of fiction audiovisual content, such as ... more

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Protecting journalists from harassment: Comparing existing protection mechanisms and the effects on democracy

Alice Baroni, Leen d’Haenens, Wai Han Lo

In: Success and failure in news media performance: Comparative analysis in the Media for Democracy Monitor 2021

Josef Trappel; Tales Tomaz (eds.)

Gothenburg: Nordicom (2022), pp. 59-77

"There is a quickly increasing body of studies and reports on harassment and intimidation of journalists around the world. These series of acts have a chilling effect on media freedom and journalists’ freedom of expression. The research literature on the topic has mostly focused on intimidation an ... more

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The Global Handbook of Media Accountability
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Susanne Fengler, Tobias Eberwein, Matthias Karmasin (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2022), xviii, 614 pp.

"The Global Handbook of Media Accountability brings together leading scholars to 'de-Westernize' the academic debate on media accountability and discuss different models of media self-regulation and newsroom transparency around the globe. With examination of the status quo of media accountability in ... more

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Mediensysteme in Deutschland und Russland: Handbuch

Alla G. Bespalova, Horst Pöttker (eds.)

Köln: Herbert von Halem Verlag (2022), 361 pp.

"Das Buch besteht aus zwei Teilen. Der erste enthält Stichwortartikel zu den Themenbereichen Presse, Radio, Fernsehen, Online-Medien, Agenturen und Medien im Allgemeinen. Im zweiten Teil werden Datentabellen und Grafiken präsentiert, die sich vor allem auf das Jahr 2015 beziehen. Dabei werden sowo ... more

Social Media Behavior During Uprisings: Selective Sharing and Avoidance in the China (Hong Kong), Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon Protests

Claudia Kozman, Clement Y. K. So, Sahar Khalifa Salim, Mostafa Movahedian, Jana El Amin, Jad Melki

Online Media and Global Communication, volume 1, issue 4 (2022), pp. 723-748

"This study examines the use of social media by individuals during protests in China (Hong Kong), Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon. Method: Surveys in the four countries assess the relationship between people's attitudes toward the protests and their selection bias on social media, manifested through selecti ... more

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Digital Divide: Who in Africa is Connected and Who is Not
Quick Overview

Libuseng Malephane

Afrobarometer (2022), 22 pp.

"Afrobarometer finds that most Africans own a mobile phone and have access to a mobile phone network. However, fewer than half own a mobile phone with Internet access, and even fewer have access to a computer. This translates to low levels of Internet use in many countries. Lack of Internet access a ... more

‘Deadlier Than Boko Haram’: Representations of the Nigerian Herder–farmer Conflict in the Local and Foreign Press

Innocent Chiluwa, Isioma M Chiluwa

Media, War & Conflict, volume 15, issue 1 (2022), pp. 3-24

"This corpus-based discourse study briefly reviews the activities of Boko Haram and the conflict between the nomadic herdsmen and sedentary agrarian farmers of north-central and southern Nigeria. But the study focuses on the representations of the main actors in the conflict and the conflict itself ... more

Observatório Ibero-Americano da Ficção Televisiva OBITEL 2022: Transformaciones en la serialidad de la ficción televisiva iberoamericana en tiempos de streaming
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Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes, Juan Piñon, Catarina Duff Burnay, Rosario Sánchez Vilela (eds.)

Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile (2022), 373 pp.

"En algunos de los países, en mayor medida España y los EE.UU. Hispanos, la ficción ocupa de un modo consistente al menos el 40% de los tiempos de programación. Esto, en países que por niveles de ingreso deberían ser los con un mayor grado de acceso a otras fuentes de contenidos audiovisuales ... more

Success and Failure in News Media Performance: Comparative Analysis in the Media for Democracy Monitor 2021

Josef Trappel, Tales Tomaz (eds.)

Gothenburg: Nordicom;University of Gothenburg (2022), 360 pp.

"The Media for Democracy Monitor (MDM) assesses the performance of leading news media in mature democracies with regard to the three core dimensions of democracy: freedom, equality, and control. After monitoring 10 countries in 2011, the MDM project expanded to cover the leading news media of 18 dem ... more

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Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2022
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Daniel Zhang, Nestor Maslej, Erik Brynjolfsson, John Etchemendy, Terah Lyons et al.

AI Index Steering Committee;Stanford University, Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (2022), 229 pp.

"The fifth edition of the AI Index Report includes data from a broad set of academic, private, and nonprofit organizations as well as more self-collected data and original analysis than any previous editions, including an expanded technical performance chapter, a new survey of robotics researchers a ... more

The Unfreedom Monitor: A Methodology for Tracking Digital Authoritarianism Around the World

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 71 pp.

"This briefing document provides an overview of key developments in digital authoritarianism in 11 countries and explains the theoretical framework and methodology behind The Unfreedom Monitor project. The document also provides a basis for expanding this research to other countries to deepen our un ... more

Lessons from France on the Regulation of Internet Pornography: How Displacement Effects, Circumvention, and Legislative Scope May Limit the Efficacy of Article 23

Neil Thurman, Asmik Nalmpatian, Fabian Obster

Policy & Internet, issue 1 (2022), pp. 1-21

"In 2020, the French Parliament passed an amendment that put the country at the forefront of attempts by democratic states to restrict young people's access to legal online pornography. This study examines the necessity for and potential efficacy of the amendment, Article 23, through a comparative a ... more

Indirect and Direct Subsidies for Media: The European Experience

Milan F. Živkovic, Karolina Leakovic

BBC Media Action;PRIMED (2022), 22 pp.

"This report presents four models of direct media subsidies in Europe: from Serbia, Croatia, Sweden and the European Union as well as an overview of reduced VAT rates for newspapers, digital publications and periodicals in EU countries and Serbia. In recent years, the value of direct state aid for m ... more

Navigating Copyright for Libraries: Purpose and Scope

Jessica Coates, Victoria Owen, Susan Reilly (eds.)

Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Saur (2022), vii, 547 pp.

"This book, produced on behalf of the IFLA Copyright and other Legal Matters (CLM) Advisory Committee, provides basic and advanced information about copyright, outlines limitations and exceptions, discusses communicating with users and highlights emerging copyright issues. The chapters note the sign ... more

World Risk Report 2022. Focus: Digitalization

Franziska Atwii, Kristin Bergtora Sandvik, Lotte Kirch et al.

Berlin; Bochum: Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft;Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (2022), 63 pp.

"Digitalization has significantly changed disaster preparedness and management. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are used in all phases of disaster management for knowledge acquisition, information dissemination, communication, as well as control. Examples include the use of global d ... more