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"The development of free, independent, and sustainable news media in Africa is bedevilled by the “brown envelope syndrome,” the widespread practice of accepting money for news coverage. This paper reveals the pernicious effects the brown envelope syndrome has on African journalism and its abilit ... more

Regional State of Media and Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS);ABC International Development (2013), 65 pp.
"The research for this report was developed and undertaken between June 2012 and April 2013 across 14 Pacific Island nations: Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Republic of Nauru, Niue, Republic of Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon I ... more

Strengthening National Media Associations in the Pacific

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS) (2012), 20 pp.

The Role of Media-Support Organizations and Public Literacy in Strengthening Independent Media Worldwide

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2008), 34 pp.

Indicateurs du développement des médias: Cadre pour l'evaluation du développement des médias

Paris: UNESCO, Programme International pour le Développement de la Communication (PIDC) (2008), 65 pp.

Media Development Indicators: A Framework for Assessing Media Development

Paris: UNESCO, International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) (2008), 101 pp.
"This paper aims to be 'an analytical tool designed to help stakeholders assess the state of the media and measure the impact of media development programmes' (page 7). It has been prepared to define indicators of media development in line with the priority areas of the International Programme for t ... more
"There has been significant growth in media outlets. In the new regime, the relationship between the media and the government has improved greatly. For the media in Tanzania to develop, resource allocation should be considered as a priority. There is a need to look at how much the government and don ... more
"The lack of a consolidated government since the fall of Siyad Barre’s regime in 1991 has led to a proliferation in the number and variety of media sources in Somalia. However, inter-factional violence and conflict has since torn the country apart, creating a difficult environment for media practi ... more
"The liberalisation of airwaves and emerging democratic ideals have been important variables influencing increment in FM stations, new media products, a free press and freedom of expression. Occasional problems between the government and media players arise. The recognition by government of the incr ... more
"Changes have been gradual but the watershed was 1992/4 when the airwaves were liberalised, leading to the mushrooming of media institutions especially in the broadcasting area. In the past five years, the media in Uganda has become more vibrant, more liberated and there has been more freedom of exp ... more
"The media sector has changed in recent years, mostly for the better, through the following media development processes: the 1990 Decree on the liberalisation of the broadcast sector to allow private entrants; significant increase in private radio and television, although licensing is still problema ... more
"The most relevant changes that occurred during the past five years in Sierra Leone are the results of democracy (free and fair elections in 2002) and establishing the Independent Media Commission Act (IMC) of 2000 to help deregulate the formation of new media outlets. The resilience of media practi ... more
"While acknowledging that the situation is not entirely ideal, most of the interviewees believed a lot has been achieved in terms of the development of the media in Mozambique over the past five years. This was mainly due to relatively stable political conditions, underpinned by a liberal constituti ... more
"The media sector in Ghana has witnessed some dramatic, positive changes over the past few years, made possible by the promulgation of the 1992 democratic Constitution and the election in 2000 of President Kufuor’s government. All interviewees agreed that democratisation and the repeal of the Crim ... more