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Platform Responses to Misinformation: A Meta-Analysis of Data
Deep Insights
Zurich: International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) (2023), 70 pp.
"This Synthesis Report examines the effectiveness of countermeasures against misinformation on social media platforms, focusing on the two most examined remedies: content labeling and corrective information interventions. A meta-analysis is a research process for synthesizing and aggregating the fin
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Digital Platform Governance and the Challenges for Trust and Safety. Part 3: Possible Regulatory Solutions to Address Concerns with the Platforms
Research ICT Africa; UNESCO (2023), 19 pp.
"Platform problems are linked to the fact that they are not self-governing according to agreed industry standards but mainly ‘solo-governing’ when it comes to content curation and moderation. Reaction to the failure of current platform efforts to regulate content includes the danger of over-regu
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Social Media 4 Peace: Local Lessons for Global Practices
Paris: UNESCO (2023), 69 pp.
"The three countries [Bosnia and Herzegovina, Indonesia, and Kenya] provide evidence of online hate speech and disinformation affecting human rights offline. The evidence is not comprehensive yet clear enough to raise serious concerns. Online gender-based violence is also reported as critical in the
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De-platforming disinformation: Conspiracy theories and their control
Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 6 (2023), pp. 1262-1280
"Informed by two case studies of de-platforming interventions performed by Facebook against two high profile conspiracy theorists who had been messaging about Covid-19, this article investigates how de-platforming functions as an instrument of social control, illuminating the intended and unintended
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Digital Platform Governance and the Challenges for Trust and Safety. Part 2: Platform's Own Policies and Practices: What Problems Need Changing?
Research ICT Africa; UNESCO (2023), 7 pp.
"Platform policies lack clarity about the relationship between them, and also about how policies should be applied at global and local levels. How platforms understand and identify harms is insufficiently mapped to human rights standards, and there is a gap in how policy elements should deal with di
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Challenges and Perspectives of Hate Speech Research
Deep Insights
Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Media and Communication Studies (2023), 482 pp.
"This book is the result of a conference that could not take place. It is a collection of 26 texts that address and discuss the latest developments in international hate speech research from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives. This includes case studies from Brazil, Lebanon, Poland, Nigeria,
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Researching the Evolving Online Ecosystem: Telegram, Discord and Odysee
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2023), 59 pp.
"Harmful actors use an ever-expanding range of digital spaces to spread harmful ideologies and undermine human rights and democracy online. Understanding their evolving ideas, online networks and activities is critical to the development of a more comprehensive evidence base to inform effective and
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AI and automated decision-making in news and media: Key technologies and emerging challenges
Melbourne: ARC Centre of Excellence for Automated Decision-Making and Society; RMIT University (2023), 37 pp.
"Automated systems and processes are a common feature of the news and media environment. This report introduces four key examples: search, recommendation, automated content moderation and curation, and advertising technology (AdTech). We provide a basic explanation of how these systems work at the t
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Censorship from Plato to Social Media: The Complexity of Social Media's Content Regulation and Moderation Practices
Cham: Springer (2023), xiv, 189 pp.
"In many countries, censorship, blocking of internet access and internet content for political purposes are still part of everyday life. Will filtering, blocking, and hacking replace scissors and black ink? This book argues that only a broader understanding of censorship can effectively protect free
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"[...] There are 70 million individuals who are administrators of Facebook groups. Many more coordinate groups across other platforms such as WhatsApp, Signal, and others, which are often run on mobile devices - with a global user base of 5.34 billion unique mobile users. Group administrators and mo
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Platform Problems and Regulatory Solutions: Findings from a Comprehensive Review of Existing Studies and Investigations
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO; Research ICT Africa (2023), 17 pp.
"The proliferation of hate speech and disinformation on online platforms has serious implications for human rights, trust and safety as per international human rights law and standards. The mutually-reinforcing determinants of the problems are: ‘attention economics’; automated advertising system
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Policy Brief: Ensuring Ethical AI Practices to Counter Disinformation
MediaFutures; Luiss Data Lab (2023), 15 pp.
"In particular we recommend to strengthen collaboration (platforms should adopt a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders, including governments, civil society organisations, and fact-checkers, to counter the spread and impact of disinformation. This can include sharing information, be
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Digital Platform Governance and the Challenges for Trust and Safety. Part 1: Why Lies and Hatred Proliferate on Digital Platforms
Research ICT Africa; UNESCO (2023), 21 pp.
"Online and platform content that may cause harm through the breach of human rights is sufficiently widespread to have raised concerns about the potentially severe implications for the future of trust, safety, democracy and sustainable development. A certain amount of this content is curbed by the d
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The Propagation of Misinformation in Social Media: A Cross-Platform Analysis
Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (2023), 246 pp.
"In a cross-platform analysis of Google Web Search, Facebook, YouTube, Reddit, Twitter, Instagram, 4chan and TikTok, we found that hyperpartisan web operators, alternative influencers and ambivalent commentators are in ascendency. The book can be read as a form of platform criticism. It puts on disp
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WhatsApp and Transparency: An Analysis on the Effects of Digital Platforms’ Opacity in Political Communication Research Agendas in Brazil
Profesional de la Información, volume 32, issue 2 (2023), 14 pp.
"This article aims to discuss what we call environmental opacity, a condition of mobile instant messaging services (MIMS) that operates on the basis of end-to-end encryption systems. Utilizing WhatsApp as a specific example, the article presents two fundamental dilemmas around which some issues conc
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Die Stärkung von Kinderrechten durch den Digital Services Act (DSA): Wege zu Best-Practice-Ansätzen
Sicherheit für Kinder in der digitalen Welt (SIKID) (2023), 18 pp.
"Das vorliegende Papier soll die Umsetzung des neuen Digital Services Act (DSA) konstruktiv aus einer kinderrechtlichen Perspektive begleiten. Dabei wird gezeigt, welche Potenziale sich aus dem DSA ergeben, um Kinderrechte im Digitalen zu stärken. Im Fokus stehen Anbietermaßnahmen sowie auch Präv
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Regulation of Harmful Content Online in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Between Freedom of Expression and Harms to Democracy
Sarajevo: Mediacentar; UNESCO (2022), 108 pp.
"The study specifically focuses on five types of harmful content: a) hate speech and hate narratives; b) denials of war crimes and glorification of war criminals; c) ethno-nationally and/or politically biased media reporting; d) disinformation; and e) attacks, threats and smear campaigns against ind
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Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation
New York: Brennan Center for Justice (2022), 39 pp.
"While social media companies dress their content moderation policies in the language of human rights, their actions are largely driven by business priorities, the threat of government regulation, and outside pressure from the public and the mainstream media. This report demonstrates the impact of c
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Comparing Guidance for Tech Companies in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations
Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute; JustPeace Labs (2022), 44 pp.
"This research report explores the strengths and weaknesses of four different frameworks tech companies, governments, and civil society can use to assess harms and benefits of new technologies. The four frameworks include human rights, conflict sensitivity, ethics, and human security. The research m
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