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107
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77
Key Guidance
1
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3
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Freedom of Expression
18
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15
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
15
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
14
Media Law & Regulation
11
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
10
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Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
7
Copyright Law
7
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
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Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
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Digitalization, Digital Transformation
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Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
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Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
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Facebook
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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
4
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Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
4
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
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Data Protection: Law & Regulation
3
Digital Rights
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Internet
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Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
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Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
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Child Protection Online
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2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
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Algorithms & Big Data
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E-Governance, E-Democracy
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Internet Shutdowns
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Online Media & Internet Economics
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Sexual Abuse: Digital Media
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Artificial Intelligence
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ICTs and Development
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European Union (EU)
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Access to Media & Information
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Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
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Catholic Websites
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Child Abuse: Digital Media
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Parish Communication, Parish Public Relations
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Bollywood
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Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
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1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
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Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
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Creative & Cultural Industries
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Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
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Darknet
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Digital & Information Literacy
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Google
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Internet and Development
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Social Media in Political Communication
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Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
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Digital Economies, Digital Societies
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Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
1
ICTs and Politics
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ICT Industries & Markets
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ICT Policies
1
Diaspora Media
1
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
1
Deepfakes (Realistic-Looking Media Content that has been Modified, Generated or Falsified Using AI)
1
Preservation of Information
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Globalisation of Media
1
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1
News Agencies
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Diffusion of Innovations
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
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1
Press Landscapes
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Social Media Landscapes
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1
Consumer Protection
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1
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1
National Security Legislation
1
Press Law & Regulation
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1
Religious Freedom
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Financing Public Service Media
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Knowledge Management
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Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
State
1
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1
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1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Public Spheres
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Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Commercial Radios
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Symbols
1
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Digital Television
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
1
Television
1
User-Generated Contents
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Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Regulating the Digital Public Sphere: Limits and Opportunities of Market Interventions
New York: Open Society Foundations (2021), 33 pp.
A Weapon of the Weak: Fighting Police Brutality Through Social Media
Hamburg: German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) (2021), 12 pp.
"The 20 October 2021 marks the first anniversary of the shooting of unarmed protesters by the Nigerian military. The movement pushing to abolish the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) has proved how social media can make the voices of the weak heard. However, recent developments surrounding social me
...
Combatting Online Harassment and Abuse: A Legal Guide for Journalists in England and Wales
Media Lawyers’ Association (MLA);Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) (2021), 48 pp.
Assessing the Limitations to Freedom of Expression on the Internet in Ethiopia Against the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
African Human Rights Law Journal, volume 20, issue 1 (2020), pp. 315-345
"The Ethiopian government restricts freedom of expression on the internet and has adopted extraneous limiting measures. Most of these measures are incompatable with the African Charter. Restrictions to freedom of expression on the internet include internet shutdowns, hate speech and disinformation r
...
Secuencia e hitos de la polémica ley de las TIC en Colombia
Bogotá: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2020), 9 pp.
"La ley TIC (tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones) 1978, aprobada en julio de 2019 por el Congreso de la República de Colombia, es fruto de numerosas polémicas que desencadenaron movilizaciones, debates ciudadanos y cuestionamientos públicos. ¿Cuáles fueron sus ejes de discusió
...
Working Group on Infodemics: Policy Framework
Key Guidance
Forum on Information & Democracy (2020), 127 pp.
"The Forum on Information & Democracy proposes a number of policy steps to democratic governments and their supporters. Transparency and accountability need to be shored up and content moderation should be done according to democratic mandates and oversight. The impact of new platforms where disinfo
...
‘Let Us Breathe!' Censorship and Criminalization of Online Expression in Viet Nam
London: Amnesty International (2020), 77 pp.
"On 21 April 2020, Facebook announced a major shift in its content moderation policy in Viet Nam. Under this policy, it has increasingly complied with the Vietnamese authorities’ repressive censorship of online expression deemed critical of the state.3 Facebook has disclosed that it agreed to “s
...
Desinformation aufdecken und bekämpfen: Interdisziplinäre Ansätze gegen Desinformationskampagnen und für Meinungspluralität
Baden-Baden: Nomos (2020), 217 pp.
"Was macht Desinformation im deutschsprachigen Internet aus? Wie wirkt Desinformation? Wie kann sie mithilfe technischer Mittel erkannt werden? Was kann und könnte mit regulatorischen und rechtlichen Maßnahmen gegen Desinformation getan werden? Aus den Erkenntnissen von Journalistik, Medienpsychol
...
Unshackling Expression: A Study on Online Freedom of Expression in Indonesia
Association for Progressive Communications (APC);Cyrilla (2020), 27 pp.
"The situation of freedom of expression online in Indonesia affirms that Indonesia is shifting further from human rights and democracy. This is not much different from the situation in other countries in Southeast Asia which seem to be competing to be the worst in human rights and democracy. The shr
...
An Analysis of Social Media Use in the SADC Region 2014 - 2020
Harare: Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA);Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2020), 51 pp.
"I. Regional countries spend about 1.1 percent of GDP on digital investment, while advanced economies spend an average of 3.2 percent
II. 37% of social media users in the region have contributed to the creation of news, commented on it or shared it with others.
III. There is an upward trend in arres
...
Internet Shutdowns and the Limits of Law
International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 4224-4243
"Internet shutdowns are on the rise. In the past few years, an escalation of this blunt censoring practice has affected different regions of the world, particularly Africa and Asia. Scholars and advocates have proposed no substantive solutions to effectively address Internet shutdowns, and analysis
...
Prinzip Mensch: Macht, Freiheit und Demokratie im Zeitalter der Künstlichen Intelligenz
Bonn: Dietz (2020), 431 pp.
"Paul Nemitz und Matthias Pfeffer zeigen eindrücklich, wie die derzeitigen Versuche ethischer Regulierung von Künstlicher Intelligenz zu kurz greifen. Nemitz ist Mitglied der Datenethikkommission der Bundesregierung und war massgeblich verantwortlich für die Einführung der EU-Datenschutzgrundver
...
A digital scramble for Africa: US, EU and Chinese influences on internet regulation in Africa and their effects on freedom of expression and the right to privacy
Coimbra: University of Coimbra, European Master’s Programme in Human Rights and Democratisation, Master Thesis (2020), 91 pp.
"Divisive Internet regulation is fragmenting the formerly worldwide web into numerous shards that follow their own rules. The US, the EU and China are influential in shaping regulation even beyond their own jurisdictions, with consequences for human rights, particularly in Africa. This paper argues
...
Civil Society in the Digital Age in Africa: Identifying Threats and Mounting Pushbacks
Pretoria; Kampala: Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria;CIPESA (2020), 78 pp.
"The report documents the threats to civil society in the digital age by examining the legislative and regulatory framework in four countries in Africa: Egypt, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zambia. These countries were selected from the four main geographic regions of Africa, in order to provide a sense
...
Spotlight on Artificial Intelligence and Freedom of Expression
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2020), 72 pp.
"Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly important tool for shaping and arbitrating online information. It is increasingly, and often invisibly, used by both public authorities and private companies, and greatly impacts the way people seek, receive, impart and access information. Cou
...
Social Media and Journalism in Ethiopia: Setting the Scene for Reform
Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute;Nubia Media & Communications (2019), 28 pp.
"Social media has, in a few years, turned the political landscape in Ethiopia on its head not only as a means of mobilising people, but also as a means of spreading rumours, hate speech and disinformation [...] What ultimately is happening is that digital media has made a more invasive, ultimately p
...
Social Media and Elections
Montevideo: UNESCO (2019), 27 pp.
"This paper analyses the potential impact of social media on the conduct and outcome of elections both to strengthen political participation and knowledge sharing as well as the more harmful effects. It looks at the various harms particularly those relevant in the context of Latin America. It docume
...
No Place for Criticism: Bangladesh Crackdown on Social Media
Human Rights Watch (2018), 89 pp.
"Since 2013, Bangladesh authorities have used draconian provisions in the Information and Communication Technology Act (ICT Act) to arrest scores of people for political and social commentary critical of the current Awami League government or its leaders. Those targeted have also included journalist
...
Human Rights Impact Assessment: Facebook in Myanmar
BSR (2018), 60 pp.
"Facebook commissioned BSR to undertake a human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of the company’s presence in Myanmar. BSR undertook this HRIA between May and September 2018, using a methodology based on the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). This assessment identifies and
...
Mapping Digital Rights and Online Freedom of Expression in East, West and Southern Africa
Media Legal Defence Initiative (MLDI) (2018), 100 pp.
"This report maps the current landscape in respect of digital rights and online freedom of expression in East, West and Southern Africa. It looks at the trends regarding law and policy developments, as well as recent litigation, within these regions. The report focuses on 18 countries – 6 per regi
...
