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Freedom of Expression
18
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15
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
15
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
14
Media Law & Regulation
11
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
10
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
8
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
7
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
7
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
7
Cybercrimes
6
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
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Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
5
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
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Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
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Electronic Commerce
5
Digital Political Communication
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Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
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Media & Communication Policies
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Communication Rights
4
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
4
Facebook
4
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
4
Defamation Law & Regulation
4
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
4
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
3
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
3
Digital Rights
3
Freedom of Expression Principles
3
Internet
3
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Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
3
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
3
Television Law & Regulation
3
Election Campaigns: Social Media
3
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
3
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Child Protection Online
2
Encryption, Cryptology
2
Intellectual Property
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Algorithms & Big Data
2
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
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Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
2
E-Governance, E-Democracy
2
Internet Shutdowns
2
Online Media & Internet Economics
2
Sexual Abuse: Digital Media
2
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
2
Artificial Intelligence
2
ICTs and Development
2
ICT Regulation
2
Information Society
2
Media Concentration
2
Countering Defamation & Harassment
2
Self-Regulation of Media
2
European Union (EU)
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
2
Human Rights Protection
2
Media Governance
2
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
2
Public Service Broadcasting
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
1
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Open Data
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Catholic Websites
1
Child Abuse: Digital Media
1
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
1
Children & Digital Media
1
Parish Communication, Parish Public Relations
1
Bollywood
1
Media / Communication Control
1
Censorship
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Crisis Communication
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Media
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Violence in the Media
1
Countering Misinformation & Rumours
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Creative & Cultural Industries
1
Cultural Policies
1
Cultural Studies
1
Cybercultures
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
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Darknet
1
Digital Media Landscapes
1
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
1
Digital & Information Literacy
1
Spam & Scam
1
Google
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Internet and Development
1
Online Communication
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Digital Market Concentration
1
Digital Media Markets
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Online Public Relations
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
1
ICTs and Politics
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
ICT Policies
1
Diaspora Media
1
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
1
Deepfakes (Realistic-Looking Media Content that has been Modified, Generated or Falsified Using AI)
1
Preservation of Information
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Globalisation of Media
1
Glocalization of Media
1
News Agencies
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Diffusion of Innovations
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
1
Press Landscapes
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Social Media Landscapes
1
Television Landscapes
1
Consumer Protection
1
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
National Security Legislation
1
Press Law & Regulation
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Religious Freedom
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Knowledge Management
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
State
1
Police
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Public Spheres
1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Commercial Radios
1
Symbols
1
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Digital Television
1
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
1
Television
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Language
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Countries / Regions
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Journals
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"The research showed that internet intermediaries are heavily influenced by the legal and policy environments of states, but they do have leeway over many areas of policy and practice affecting online expression and privacy. The findings also highlighted the challenge where many state policies, laws ... more
"This book sets out to answer essential questions regarding the extent and limits of freedom of expression online. It seeks to shed light on the often obscure landscape of what we are allowed to say online and how our ideas, and the process of imparting and receiving information, are protected. It s ... more

2013 Social Media Guidebook

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2013), 153 pp.

Enabling Openness: The Future of the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbean

Montevideo; Ottawa: Comunica;International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2013), 200 pp.

Freedom of Expression and the Internet

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression (2013), v, 81 pp.
"In this document the Office of the Special Rapporteur endeavors to make available to all States in the region, general principles for the protection of the right to freedom of thought and expression online. These principles are intended to provide guidance to governments, legislative and regulatory ... more
"Iraq’s parliament is in the process of enacting an “Information Crimes Law” to regulate the use of information networks, computers, and other electronic devices and systems. The draft law includes vague provisions that would allow Iraqi authorities to deter legitimate criticisms of or peacefu ... more
"The May 2011 general election has been the most contested and most discussed in Singapore’s history. Prior to the polls, the government relaxed the rules on election campaigning in the Internet. For the first time in the highly wired city-state with its tech-savvy population of 5 million people, ... more
"This publication seeks to identify the relationship between freedom of expression and Internet privacy, assessing where they support or compete with each other in different circumstances. The publication maps out the issues in the current regulatory landscape of Internet privacy from the viewpoint ... more

Politik und Internet in Lateinamerika

St. Augustin; Berlin: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2012), 118 pp.

Access Contested: Security, Identity, and Resistance in Asian Cyberspace

Cambridge, Mass.; Ottawa et al.: MIT Press;International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2012), xv, 414 pp.
"Die Forderung nach Sicherheit im Internet, besonders in Hinblick auf die persönlichen Daten, die Gewährung der Freiheit dieses Mediums ohne staatliche Eingriffe, die Diskussion um adäquate Formen des Urheberrechts und seiner Durchsetzung sowie eine Fokussierung auf die Risiken verbunden mit eine ... more

Media and the Law: An Overview of Legal Issues and Challenges

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 26 pp.
"This report provides an overview of the different kinds of laws that affect the media and explains how they are used in many countries to influence the operations of news outlets and the information they offer. It focuses on restrictive laws more than on those of the enabling and empowering variety ... more

The Media and Liability for Content on the Internet

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2011), 23 pp.
"Speakers may be liable for content online in many of the same ways as offline, but additional rules often exist. Many countries are enacting internet-specific speech laws, often imposing enhanced liability for online expression. In addition, some governments are extending broadcast-type regulations ... more

Freedoms in Iraq: An Increasingly Repressive Legal Net

Washington, DC: IREX;Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) (2011), 41 pp.
"This report reviews five pieces of legislation affecting the freedoms of assembly and expression that have been introduced in recent years in Iraq. Of these, only one, the Journalists Rights Law (Journalist Law), has actually been passed into law, in August 2011. The other four – the draft Commis ... more
Examines the impact that the rise of digital communications is having on the media, and on human rights activism. The report goes on to explore the main policy issues which must be addressed at the national and international levels to shape an enabling environment. The report combines global level a ... more