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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
14
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
12
Media / Communication Control
11
Democracy / Democratization and Media
11
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
10
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
8
Journalism
8
Political Transition and Media
8
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
7
Politics and Media
7
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
6
Media & Communication Policies
6
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
5
History of Media & Communication
5
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
5
Censorship
4
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
4
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
4
Political Communication
4
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
3
Freedom of Expression
3
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Self-Censorship
3
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
3
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
3
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
3
Communism, Marxism
3
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
3
Taliban
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
Social Media
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Associations & Networks of Journalists
2
Journalists
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
News Agencies
2
Socialist Media Systems
2
Television Landscapes
2
Media Law & Regulation
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Propaganda
2
Ideologies
2
Research in Media & Communication
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Advertising Law & Regulation
1
Children & Advertising
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Audiences & Users
1
Audience Segmentation, User Typologies, Personas
1
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Media Use: Youth
1
Book Markets & Industries
1
Book Policies (National & International)
1
Book Publishing Houses
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Press
1
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
1
Government Propaganda
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
Nonprofit Public Relations: Experiences
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
War Reporting
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Literature
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
Development Theories
1
Development and Media
1
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Convergence of Media
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Internet
1
Internet Shutdowns
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
1
YouTube
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
Romani People
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Libraries
1
Media Concentration
1
Media Markets
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Education and Communication / Media
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Journalistic (In)Dependence
1
Bias in News Media
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Colonial Legacies
1
History of Journalism
1
Nazism
1
Foreign Correspondents
1
Foreign ICT & Telecommunication Investments & Ownership
1
Satellite Television
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalism Studies & Research
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
News
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
Television News
1
Agencia Noticiosa Fides (ANF) (News Agency, Bolivia)
1
Business & Economics Journalism
1
Election Reporting
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Press Landscapes
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Media Governance
1
Crowdfunding
1
Fascism
1
Liberalism
1
Political Parties
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Agenda Setting
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Public Spheres
1
Press
1
Public & State Press
1
Public Media, State Media
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio
1
Manipulation
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Focus Groups & Group Discussions (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Apartheid
1
State Influence on ICT & Telecommunication Markets
1
Telecommunication Infrastructure
1
Telephone
1
Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
1
Youth & Digital Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"The communication media in the Ivory Coast (a former French colony) are dominated by the President in an authoritarian tradition — There is only one daily and the radio is still the main source of information for the majority of the people." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of m ... more

Voices of the Red Giants: Communications in Russia and China

Iowa: Iowa State University Press (1967), 513 pp.
"The strongly liberal elements of the government of Kenya mean that the regime combines the characteristics of a ‘democracy’ and a ‘dictatorship’. The case of Kenya is an interesting one as regards the development of the communication media: Kenya has communication media but no public to use ... more
"General survey of Albania — The Albanian press — Development — Present trends — The Albanian press still has very close ties with the government — TotaI rigidity and complete support of the regime." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countri ... more
"Development of the South Korean press and especially of relations between the press and the government — Policy and legislation regarding the press under Syngman Rhee and the military junta." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: C ... more
"The author examines the development of radio and the increase in newspaper circulation — He discovers that the growth figures are higher in the communist countries of East Europe than in the non-communist regions of East Europe or in the highly developed communist regions." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, A ... more
"Entre los premios internacionales de periodismo, se concedió uno a «Revolución», órgano de la Revolución cubana, movimiento 26 de julio - Prensa cubana - Premios y obligaciones." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 19 ... more

The Press in Authoritarian Countries

Zürich: International Press Institute (1959), 201 pp.
"Overall view of the situation of the press in the non-democratic countries. In addition, the development of the press in the Near East, Korea, Nationalist China and Vietnam." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 178 ... more
"One of the most quoted books in the literature of press freedom, this defines it in terms of four types, with historical background and broad implications of each. Siebert is the author of the chapters on the authoritarian and libertarian theories; Peterson, the social responsibility theory, and Sc ... more