"SAEF’s major finding in Malawi was that although the media had covered the entire election process fairly well, it had failed to give equitable coverage to all three parts of the elections – presidential, parliamentary and local government. The press gave 40% coverage to the presidential race,
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11% to the parliamentary one and 1% to local government elections, according to research done by the Media Monitoring Project of the US funded Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR). The state broadcaster, the Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) performed poorly at first in that it gave 90% coverage to the ruling Peoples’ Party and the incumbent President, Dr Joyce Banda and only 10% to opposition parties. Only after complaints were lodged with Government through the Minister of Information did the figure of 90% drop to 70%." (Executive summary)
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"This paper examines the extent social media is enabling e-democracy in Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The study conducts an interpretative case study approach interviewing active social media users, political actors, civil servants, civilians, civil society actors and tertiary students. The stu
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dy also conducts a content analysis of popular “political social media” Facebook pages in these three countries. The findings of the study suggest that social media is playing a role in facilitating citizen engagement with governments, making governments accountable and providing a means for citizens to be informed, to discuss and share views on political matters. However, social media usage is evolving quite differently in these three countries and factors such as high levels of militarism (Fiji), high levels of corruption (Solomon Islands) and also rapid ICT development (Vanuatu) have contributed towards shaping the potential of social media as a democratic enabler and political tool in these countries." (Abstract)
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"The study examined various sampled media content and interviewed key informants to understand professional and ethical considerations informing media coverage of terror, religious extremism and radicalisation. From the findings, it is evident that the media somehow contributes to the propagation of
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the dominant narratives that: People of Somali origin are potential terrorists; all Muslims are potential terrorists because most suspects arrested are Muslims; and that Islam preaches and supports radicalisation and extremism, among other narratives. The study reveals that journalists now face serious security risks especially in the coastal region following perceived media biases. In fact, some have been attacked or threatened. The media does not strictly adhere to professional tenets and code of conduct. Some of the noted violations include use of bloody pictures and abhorrent scenes, inability to separate fact from commentary; and use of single news sources which creates impressions of biased reporting. Journalists should equally be careful about words and phrases they use when reporting terrorism and associated issues. They should promote diversity, and have different voices and perspectives on terrorism, religious and radicalisation issues. Consequently, promotion of inter-religious dialogue through the media is important in ensuring a cohesive society. The media should also go beyond superficial reporting and critically interrogate social, economic and political issues and provide a platform for better understanding of the problems that face society." (Executive summary)
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"Se quisermos caracterizar o perfil das fontes às quais os jornalistas recorreram, poder-se-á dizer que esta é masculina, oficial e com fala desenraizada de um lugar geográfico específico – portanto, de nível nacional. É o caso do ministro da Saude, Alexandre Manguele, que é uma fonte reco
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rrente nas notícias por nós analisadas no contexto da greve dos médicos. Observouse também que predominam as fontes oficiais, devido à utilização de comunicados e notas de imprensa emitidos pela Direcção Nacional de Saúde sobre a crise dos medicamentos. O facto de os jornais públicos analisados construírem as notícias sobre a greve dos médicos e a crise dos medicamentos com base em comunicados de imprensa e fontes oficiais, faz com que haja uma replicação do conteúdo dos textos noticiosos de um meio de comunicação para outro. A falta de especialização nas redações e a escassez de tempo podem justificar a confiança dos jornalistas em informação pronta a publicar, previamente preparada por entidades oficiais ou gabinetes de assessoria e relações públicas." (Página 30)
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"This report analyses the findings of a follow-up survey of child-related news contents, in newspapers with an aim to assess the coverage trend and its ethical standards. The survey monitored 10 national-level mainstream dailies over a year (January 2013 to December 2013). A secondary set of data fr
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om the arena of general news was analysed in order to explore the impacts of inappropriate news content on children. An introduction to the ethical concerns of news coverage in the context of children is provided. This follow-up content analysis takes into account the findings of previous two studies on the same subject. One was a baseline study monitoring media over three consecutive months in 2009. And the other, a follow-up study, covered six fortnights spread across a year (June 2010 to May 2011). This exercise began on the premise that journalists can play a strong role in ensuring the wellbeing of children and in minimising any potential harm to them from news consumption. The comprehensive trend finds a lack of planned focus and consequently, insufficient news coverage of children and their interests or affairs to be a key problem. Dominance of surface coverage of events and issues, inadequacies of reportorial enterprise and a dearth of in-depth coverage appear to be major problems. Insensitivity to the issues of portrayal and dignity, lack of thought to the safety and security of children in sensitive situations, and inconsideration of potential negative impacts of gruesome depictions on child consumers of news could also be noted in the general trend of coverage. However, between 2009 and 2013, a few positive changes can be traced even if disjointedly and sporadically." (Abstract)
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"This article analyzes the framing of Norwegian media coverage of the war against terror in Afghanistan with special emphasis on the coverage of the Norwegian military presence in Afghanistan. Norwegian forces became involved in a military intervention for the first time since the Second World War w
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hen ex-Yugoslavia was attacked in April 1999. At that time, Norway provided military support for the invasion and placed fighter planes and Norwegian pilots at the disposal of NATO. The war in Afghanistan represented an additional dimension, with Norwegian ground forces taking part in the hunt for al-Qaida fighters in the mountains of Afghanistan. The purpose of this article is to give a picture of Norwegian media coverage of the war in Afghanistan, with a special emphasis on the coverage of Norway's role in the conflict. As a small country with traditionally close relations to US, Norway had to balance, like many other small countries, between the need to uphold its traditional policy of complying with international law, and the desire to avoid provoking the USA with criticism and actions that could be regarded as disloyal and thus harm the bilateral relationship. This dilemma must also be seen as a problem for the mainstream media, which traditionally has been loyal to Norwegian security policy. Two main issues are discussed: 1. How was the start of the war covered in the media in October 2001? 2. In what context was the Norwegian military presence covered? The two newspapers analyzed are Aftenposten and VG. The choice of these two newspapers was made to include Norway's largest and potentially most influential morning paper (Aftenposten) and its largest tabloid, as well as largest newspaper (VG). Quantitative as well as qualitative methods are used to analyze the coverage. Both Aftenposten's and VG's coverage on the first day of the war in Afghanistan are dominated by pro-US framing and the use of Western sources. The pro-US framing is more obvious in Aftenposten than in VG. The editorial in VG was more unconditionally supportive than the editorial in Aftenposten. VG is also much clearer in its framing of Norway as a potential victim of future acts of terror. Norway's role as a potential military actor in the region is at this stage virtually absent in both newspapers. The legal aspects are mentioned in the two newspapers, though in a very superficial manner. Neither of the newspapers focuses on potential "hidden agendas" in their news coverage. No issue is made of the USA's potential global interests or the issue of controlling oil flows from the region. Aftenposten, in its coverage of an attack on a wedding party, treats this incident as "collateral damage" and in no way links it to Norway's military presence. Norway is simply a "loyal ally" receiving praise from the US for doing a "good job"." (Abstract)
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"A review of the literature indicates a plethora of studies examining the coverage of Middle Eastern conflicts, but hardly any research has been explicitly framed as being developed from a peace/war journalism perspective. The current study, therefore, represents a substantive effort to remedy this
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deficiency. It examines the extent to which the 2010 Mavi Marmara incident is framed based on Johan Galtung’s classification of peace/war journalism. A content analysis of 156 online stories from Haaretz, The Guardian, and The New York Times suggests that overall differences exist among the war/peace narratives published in the three newspapers. The validity of few peace indicators used also was noted. The authors strongly advocate for the need to redefine indicators for peace journalism to reflect the concept as distinct from objective, and factual reporting." (Abstract)
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"Understanding how the British media has framed British aid efforts to Afghanistan is imperative to successfully campaign for continued public support for the long term development of the country. This is especially important given the scheduled troop withdrawal in 2014, which many commentators have
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cautioned is likely to result in a decrease in media interest on Afghanistan. This report investigates Afghanistan in the British print media from December 2008 to November 2013. Specifically, it focuses on the British print media’s portrayal of British aid efforts in Afghanistan in 2013. The report aims to provide the British and Irish Agencies Afghanistan Group (BAAG) with an understanding of the amount of coverage Afghanistan has received, how the British print media has framed British aid efforts in Afghanistan in 2013, the obstacles and influences that journalists face in reporting on Afghanistan, and how journalists perceive this narrative to unfold given the political developments ahead. The findings of this report are drawn from a Nexis UK search, a content analysis and interviews conducted with key journalists reporting on Afghanistan." (Executive summary)
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"Se presenta un ejercicio de análisis crítico del discurso cuyo propósito es establecer las representaciones construidas por periodistas de opinión acerca de la pobreza, reproducidas en uno de los principales diarios de México en el momento estratégico de la crisis económica mundial de 2008-2
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009. Utilizando un andamiaje de niveles y categorías textuales, retóricas e ideológicas, se analizó un corpus de catorce piezas publicadas a lo largo de nueves meses. El análisis constata la utilización amplia de falacias y recursos retóricos dirigidos a construir una caracterización estereotípica de la pobreza, representando a los sujetos como víctimas sin agencia y carenciados particularmente en el plano material, elidiendo otras dimensiones de la problemática. La atribución reiterada de la pobreza al gobierno, sin explicaciones vinculantes con la crisis económica, apunta a que el abordaje del tema es un medio utilizado para criticar a las instituciones gubernamentales, más que un intento de explicación del mismo." (Resumen)
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"This assessment was done to determine the level of quality content at the community radio stations in Kenya, as well as the key determinants of this content quality, with the aim of informing interventions to address the identified challenges or gaps at the various targeted radio stations. The asse
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ssment is part of a project to strengthen the capacities of community radio stations in Kenya better their content, and hence develop the much needed identity, funded by Hivos, through its Kenya Media Programme. In developing this report, a desk review summarizing key findings from the recent assessment reports on the kind of content and programming being carried out by community radio stations in Kenya was done, as well as a sample of actual practice on the content and programming by three partner community radio stations: Baliti FM (Isiolo), Koch FM (Nairobi) and Ekialo Kiano (Homa Bay)." (Executive summary)
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"By investigating the content of 62 blogs from four different ideological streams, this study specifically focuses on the Cuban blogosphere to address the question of how political consciousness and potential for collective action may emerge in blogging practice. Findings show that (1) critical eval
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uations, personal narratives and traditional socialist rhetoric mix as the raw materials of an emerging online political debate; (2) this particular mix varies depending on the political leaning of the bloggers; (3) the potential for collective action is very limited mostly due to the lack of a strong agency component among critical bloggers and the still heavy presence of an outdated socialist rhetoric among state-aligned bloggers." (Abstract)
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"In 2014 Malawi experienced its first-ever tripartite elections involving presidential, parliamentary and local government contests. The role of the media was monitored in a major operation covering radio, television, newspapers, news websites and social media. The results revealed that, with the ex
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ception of state-controlled media, news outlets played a broadly positive role, providing fair coverage for the four leading candidates and reporting on a broad range of topics. Social media provided a lively platform for the views and opinions of mainly partisan participants (presumably mostly from the urban elite). On the negative side, coverage of the presidential and to a lesser extent the parliamentary contests dominated, so that the amount of news about local government issues was minimal. The most important negative aspect of the campaign was the one-sided coverage provided by the two state radio channels, the state television station and its online news service." (Abstract)
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"News represents 23% of the total schedule on the six radio stations monitored [...] The situation of conflict had a direct influence on the subjects treated in news and information content with a focus 1) on the conflict (more than one third of news and information content) but not on grassroots co
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nflict mitigation activities (2.6%) and 2) on politics (one third of news and information content). Security issues are the main subject related to the need of the population while social subjects (food security, health and education) do not seem to be a priority at the moment [...] Analysts registered in the database 74 elements of hate speech in the print press and only four in media content broadcast by radio stations." (Page 5)
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"Using elements of framing and grounded theory, a qualitative interpretive case study analysis of environment and sustainability related articles from a leading English language fortnightly magazine in India reveals that highly emotive frames are being used in media construction of the environment a
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nd sustainability discourse in India. While the research findings suggest that stock themes from the international framing repertoire are in use, they also indicate that distinctive new frames are being employed that could assist in instigating social change and refashioning public attitudes." (Abstract)
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"Die vorliegende Inhaltsanalyse untersucht über drei Monate hinweg die Konfliktberichterstattung der Hauptnachrichtensendungen der vier reichweitenstärksten deutschen Fernsehsender (Das Erste, ZDF, RTL und Sat.1). Anhand von 444 Nachrichtenbeiträgen über internationale Konflikte und Kriege werde
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n öffentlich-rechtliche und private Nachrichtensendungen hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit der Berichterstattung und verschiedener journalistischer Qualitätskriterien miteinander verglichen. Die untersuchten Merkmale der journalistischen Qualitätsdimensionen Vielfalt, Relevanz und Professionalität werden von den Nachrichtensendungen beider Programmanbieter überwiegend erfüllt, die öffentlich-rechtlichen Sender schneiden aber insgesamt – vor allem mit Blick auf eine ausgewogene und kritische Berichterstattung – etwas besser ab." (Abstract)
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"Das Buch konzentriert sich auf den Aspekt des möglichen Einsatzes von Blogs zur Schaffung einer Gegenöffentlichkeit. Dazu werden englischsprachige, ägyptische Blogs untersucht, die während der Revolte gegen das Mubarak-Regime erstellt wurden. Zentral ist dabei die Frage, ob und wie ägyptische
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Blogger versuchen, mithilfe ihrer Blogs Nachrichten und Positionen zu vermitteln, die in der staatlich autorisierten Medienberichterstattung während des Mubarak-Regimes unterdrückt wurden. Dazu werden ausgewählte Blog-Einträge mittels einer Dokumentenanalyse daraufhin untersucht, ob mit ihnen erkennbar eine Gegenöffentlichkeit konstituiert werden soll und wie dies gegebenenfalls geschieht." (Klappentext)
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"Um primeiro olhar sobre os resultados da pesquisa demonstra claramente o ainda pequeno interesse da imprensa a respeito do tema. A cobertura do financiamento de atividades produtivas sustentáveis na Amazônia é escassa, irregular e sazonal. Os 46 jornais analisados na presente pesquisa publicaram
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, ao longo do ano, 179 matérias, o que significa uma matéria publicada a cada três meses por jornal. Vale destacar que em pesquisa semelhante realizada pela ANDI a respeito da cobertura da imprensa sobre desmatamento da Amazônia, a média mensal de matérias publicadas foi de seis matérias por veículo. Além disso, a cobertura é feita de forma mais contundente pelos jornais considerados de alcance mais abrangente. Na prática, a média anual de matérias veiculadas em cada jornal de circulação nacional foi de 11,2 – pouco menos de uma matéria por mês. Entre os regionais, essa média foi de 2,8 matérias – cerca de uma matéria a cada quatro meses." (Página 5)
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