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Covering Post-Conflict Elections: Challenges for the Media in Central Africa

Marie-Soleil Frère

Africa Spectrum, volume 46, issue 1 (2011), pp. 3-32

"This paper attempts to show the many challenges faced by the media while covering post-Conflict electoral processes. In a context of great political tension, in which candidates are often former belligerents who have just put down their guns to go to the polls, the media operate in an unsafe and ec ... more

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The Role of Media in Fragile Situations: A Research Dialogue Across Disciplines

BBC World Service Trust;Institute of Development Studies (IDS) (2009), 17 pp.

"In January 2009, a small group of senior governance researchers, political scientists, anthropologists, participatory development and media researchers met, together with donor and media practitioner organisations. Their aim was to take a reality check of the state of development research relevant ... more

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Machtmosaik Zentralasien: Traditionen, Restriktionen, Aspirationen

Manfred Sapper, Volker Weichsel, Andrea Huterer (eds.)

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2007), 648 pp.

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Press Freedom Post-Conflict: A Cause of Instability or Foundation of Democratic Development?

Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2007), 25 pp.

"As outlined in the introductory presentation the paths to state failure are various. It is conceivable that corruption, inefficiency and the erosion of state control of the legitimate use of force could lead to the gradual erosion of state capacity. More common, as in the cases of Somalia, Liberia, ... more

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Capacity Development in Fragile States

Derick W. Brinkerhoff

Maastricht; Washington, DC: European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM);RTI International (2007), iv, 32 pp.

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Democratization: A Central Task of Media Development Cooperation

Jörgen Klußmann (ed.)

Bonn: Evangelische Akademie im Rheinland (2006), 139 pp.

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Nachrichtenmedien als Mediatoren von Peace-Building, Demokratisierung und Versöhnung in Nachkriegsgesellschaften

Projektgruppe Friedensforschung Konstanz (ed.)

Berlin: Regener (2005), 306 pp.

"Während die Untersuchung von Kriegsberichterstattung und Propaganda auf eine lange Tradition in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung zurückblicken kann, gibt es bislang erst wenige empirische Untersuchungen, welche die Berichterstattung über Nachkriegs- und Friedensprozesse zum Gegenstand habe ... more

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Media Policy, Peace and State Reconstruction

Tim Allen, Nicole Stremlau

London: Development Research Centre, Crisis States Programme (2005), 18 pp.

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Evaluation of Nashe Maalo: Design, Implementation and Outcomes. Social Transformation Through the Media. Evaluation of Children TV Program in Macedonia

Emery Brusset, Ralf Otto

Ohain: Channel Research;Search for Common Ground (2004), 73 pp., 77 pp.

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Projects Do Not Create Institutions: The Record of Democracy Assistance to Post-Conflict Societies

Jeroen de Zeeuw

Democratization, volume 12, issue 4 (2004), pp. 481-504

"Highlights the major accomplishments and setbacks of electoral, human rights and media assistance to eight post-conflict countries: Cambodia, Ethipoia, Rwanda, Uganda, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, El Salvador and Guatemala. International assistance has been instrumental in encouraging democratic initi ... more

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Media Assistance Post the Taliban Regime and the Implications for Transforming the Afghan Social System

Noah W. Miller

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Master Thesis (2003), iii, 45 pp.

"In the case of media assistance in Afghanistan, financial and organizational resources originate almost exclusively from Western donors and INGOs, which largely bypass the Afghan Government. Organizations within the funding chain thus hold a functional form of power arising from the deployment of a ... llocative resources and it enables them to attempt an instigation of social change in Afghanistan. According to the notion of power associated with Talcott Parson, a functional form of power requires coordination and collaboration in order to achieve collective goals within a political process. However, conflicts may arise in Afghanistan if collective goals diverge among the various foreign and domestic participants involved in altering the media space. This could occur if the various participants do not envision the outcome of media assistance objectives as a zero-sum game. Additionally, Giddens asserts that Parson underestimates the contestation of the norms necessary to pursue collective goals in the first place. Even though the Afghan Government and international donors purportedly agree on the installation of a democracy with a free and independent media, they still need to overcome resistance from existing power holders or entrenched structural properties impeding such a development. In the context of Afghanistan, it is very conceivable that media assistance could prompt intentional or even unintentional consequences caused by social actors discontent with the normative values and goals promulgated by media assistance. Such unintentional conditions may render the desired outcomes of media assistance providers impossible and undermine the desired social transformation. It is erroneous, though, to apply a positivist view that judges the success or failure of media assistance according to the outcome of the flux between structure and interaction alluded to in chapter four. In fact, such a view would be contrary to the propositions of structuration theory that imply a lack of definable boundaries in which structure and interaction intermingles. Equally wrong is to evaluate the media assistance effort by funding amounts contributed by donors, even though financial resources are a pre-requisite for rebuilding the media infrastructure. Instead, media assistance can be conceived as a form of empowerment that imbues a target society with a collective consciousness concerning its ability to alter structural properties, which represent forms of power and domination according to Giddens. The success of media assistance therefore is to produce a collective awareness that individuals can influence the structural properties of a social system, regardless of the direction of change emanating from the mediation of structure and action. The process of change requires not only the acquisition of functional power through allocative resources, but also the acquisition of transformative power by means of controlling authoritative resources, which are involved in the coordination of a social system. Afghans need to control the actors or institutions that selectively filter information in order to reflexively “regulate the overall conditions of system reproduction either to keep things as they are or to change them” (Giddens, 1984, page 27). Yet, it remains unresolved to what extent media assistance has provided Afghans with transformative power and whether or not it allows them to influence the underlying forces that mediate the structural properties in society." (Conclusions, page 39-40) more

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Forging Peace: Intervention, Human Rights and the Management of Media Space
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Mark Thompson, Monroe E. Price (eds.)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2002), 408 pp.

"The bloody conflicts of the past decade have focused international attention on the strategic role of the media in promoting war and perpetuating chaos. Written against this backdrop, Forging Peace brings together case studies and legal analysis of the steps that the United Nations, NATO, and other ... more

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Forging Peace: Intervention, Human Rights and the Management of Media Space
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