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Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Media Monitoring

Lee B. Becker

Athens, GA: University of Georgia, James Cox Center for International Mass Communication Training and Research (2007), 58 pp.

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Toward Economic Sustainability of the Media in Developing Countries

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2007), 27 pp.

"• Public Service and Consumer-centric Media: Simple economic sustainability does not automatically guarantee good journalism. The media have a public service mission: producing high-quality, consumer-centric journalism. • Situation-specific Programs: Media sustainability is not always attainab ... le, but should be a major element of media assistance. In some places, laws or the marketplace may render sustainability impossible for independent media, but even in those cases donors should include capacity-building programs. There is no one-size-fits-all solution for sustainability—donors must tailor their programs to adjust to specific economic conditions. • Business Skills: Donors and implementers should support training in business skills. When equipped with management and financial skills, media owners can develop creative solutions for making their outlets more sustainable even in the least developed economies. While business knowledge and skills are essential to the sustainability of any media enterprise, they are often overlooked in the promotion of independent media. The business aspects of media development should not be ignored. • Media Beyond Democratization: Many in the private sector view media development as a politically sensitive issue, because it has often been part of democracy and governance programs. Media development practitioners should broaden their appeal to donors and raise awareness of how free and independent media contribute to social and economic development. Certain niches of media, such as local or health news, hold promise for future development in many countries. The benefits of media development are abundant and wide-ranging, and donors should be more aware of the sector’s potential to address their areas of interest. • Increased Awareness: The growth in private sector philanthropy over the past ten years is expected to continue in the future and represents the best opportunity for media development organizations to expand their resource base. Education and advocacy will be required to inform Americans of the powerful and positive impact that independent media can have in developing countries. Donors should also understand that media development is a long-term project that requires sustained support; donors should not expect a program to become completely sustainable in an unreasonable period of time." (Executive summary) more

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Exporting Press Freedom: Economic and Editorial Dilemmas in International Media Assistance
Deep Insights

Craig L. LaMay

New Brunswick; London: Transaction Publishers (2007), 310 pp.

"Exporting Press Freedom examines the history and practice of media assistance, and argues that the dilemma of media independence and sustainability is best understood as an economic problem rather than one of poor editorial standards or lack of will. It includes profiles of news and public affairs ... more

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Monitoring and Indicators of Communication for Development: Technical Note

Copenhagen: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark (Danida) (2007), 30 pp.

"This note offers a brief and non-technical introduction to indicators and monitoring tools relevant to communication for development in Danida’s countries of cooperation. It is primarily aimed at supporting staff at Danish representations or at HQ responsible for preparing and managing Danish bil ... more

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Die entwicklungspolitische Arbeit der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung: 5. Medien und Kommunikation

Patrik von zur Mühlen

In: Die internationale Arbeit der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung: von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des Ost-West-Konfllikts

Patrik von zur Mühlen

Bonn: J. H. W. Dietz Nachf. (2007), pp. 169-180

"Übersicht über die internationale Medien-Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (MEZ) der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung von den Anfängen im Jahr 1960 bis 1997." (commbox)

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Donors and Media Development: Reports from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe

New York: Open Society Institute (2007), 140 pp.

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Strengthening Liberia's Media: A Review of Media Support in the Post-Conflict Transitional Period and Recommendations for Future Actions

International Media Support (IMS); Article 19; Free Voice; Fondation Hirondelle; International Press Centre (IPC) (2007), 58 pp.

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Community Radio: Its Impact and Challenges to its Development. Working Group Report

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2007), 24 pp.

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Stock-Take of Media and Information for Accountability: What Are Donors Doing, What Works, and What Are the Gaps

Mary Myers, Emma Grant

London: Department for International Development (DFID) (2007), 65 pp.

"This paper was prepared primarily for internal use by DFID Effective States Team as part of a wider stocktake on accountability. Sections 8-10 were commissioned from a consultant, Mary Myers. The paper is draft only, and does not represent the official position of DFID on media / information / acco ... more

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International Assistance to Promote Independent Media in Transition and Post-Conflict Societies

Krishna Kumar

Democratization, volume 13, issue 4 (2006), pp. 652-667

"This article focuses on an important but neglected area of democracy assistance: international aid to build and strengthen independent media in transition and post-Conflict societies. The purpose of such assistance is to promote democratization by facilitating the free flow of information, transpar ... more

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Medienpolitik in Post-Konfliktstaaten: Beiträge zum politischen Wiederaufbau am Beispiel von Afghanistan

Mariam Tutakhel

Duisburg: Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden (INEF) (2006), 44 pp.

"Die Annahme, dass eine kontrollierte Presse das Ziel einer Förderung demokratischer Strukturen immer ad absurdum führe, darf vor dem Hintergrund einer politischen Ausnahmesituation nach einem bewaffneten Konflikt durchaus hinterfragt werden. Die in diesem Zusammenhang geführte Diskussion über M ... more

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Timor-Leste Media Assessment

Shanthi Kalathil

USAID Timor-Leste (2006), 17 pp.

"After interviewing numerous media experts and reviewing all available information, the media assessment team recommends additional donor support for media as part of an overall approach to promoting democracy and governance. The team recommends a comprehensive media assistance program that focuses ... more

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Democratization: A Central Task of Media Development Cooperation

Jörgen Klußmann (ed.)

Bonn: Evangelische Akademie im Rheinland (2006), 139 pp.

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WorldCat (259)

Operation Balkan: Werbung für Krieg und Tod

Jörg Becker, Mira Beham

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2006), 130 pp.

"Public Relations bzw. Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ist schon längst zum Bestandteil des politischen Lebens geworden und wird von Politikern und Parteien zur Imagepflege genutzt. Neu ist auch nicht, dass Regierungen PR-Unternehmen damit beauftragen, ihr Image in anderen Ländern aufzubessern. Wenig bekan ... more

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Deepening Voice and Accountability to Fight Poverty: A Dialogue of Communication Implementers, March 30-31, 2006. A Summary Note

Paris: OECD; Department for International Development (DFID); World Bank (2006), 11 pp.

"About 80 representatives from government, civil society, think tanks and media organizations in developing countries, as well as representatives from multilateral and bilateral donor agencies, academic institutions, and international civil society organizations participated in a dialogue about deep ... more

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Support to Media in Sri Lanka: An Overview of Activities and Proposals for the Future

Yasha Lange, Shastri Ramachandaran

Amsterdam; Chandigarh: International Media Support (IMS) (2006), 34 pp.

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Assessment of USAID/Bosnia and Herzegovina Media Interventions: Final Report

Sinclair Cornell, Terry Thielen

Washington, DC: USAID (2006), 82 pp.

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Building a Community Radio Network in Afghanistan

Krishna Kumar

In: Promoting Democracy in Postconflict Societies

Jeroen de Zeeuw, Krishna Kumar (eds.)

Boulder, Colo.; London: Rienner (2006), pp. 257-272

"The experience of establishing community stations in Afghanistan provides four distinct, but interrelated lessons [...] The project has demonstrated that international organizations can promote community stations in impoverished, war-tron societies that have had no experience of independent or comm ... more

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Foreign Support for Media Freedom: Advocacy in the Arab Mediterranean: Globalization from Above or Below?

Naomi Sakr

Mediterranean Politics, volume 11, issue 1 (2006), pp. 1-20

"Recent structural changes to the Arab audio-visual media scene have encouraged an increasing number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) involved in media freedom advocacy to launch initiatives aimed at making Arab broadcast media more pluralistic and boosting the independence and professionali ... more

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Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance
Deep Insights

Krishna Kumar

Boulder, Colo.; London: Rienner (2006), 189 pp.

"This book represents one step in explaining international efforts to promote independent media. It attempts to examine the nature and significance of media assistance, discussing the evolution of the field, the focus of various programming approaches, and the possible impact of such efforts. It pre ... sents case studies of media assistance programs in different countries. The book concludes with a set of recommendations for expanding and deepening media assistance for the international community. This book project grew out of a multi-country study that I directed in 2002–2004 to examine media assistance programs funded by the US Agency for International Development. The overall purpose of the study was to assess the nature and effectiveness of USAID programs and make policy and programmatic recommendations for the future. In writing this book I have mostly drawn from the massive information collected during two years of research and analysis. The book is based primarily on three sources of information. First are reviews of literature covering scholarly writings, project and program documents, and articles in popular magazines and newspapers on media assistance. Such reviews were country specific as well as global in nature. Because the academic literature is extremely limited and media assistance is hardly covered in magazines and newspapers except in high-profile cases such as Bosnia and Serbia, reviews largely relied on program documentation. I had the unique advantage of perusing thousands of documents that are not available to the public. Although mostly descriptive and often self-serving, they identified critical gaps in our knowledge and illuminated the challenges and achievements of international media endeavors. Second, my colleagues and I undertook extensive fieldwork in seven countries/regions—Afghanistan, Bosnia, Central America, Indonesia, Russia, Serbia, and Sierra Leone. In each of these cases, research teams conducted extensive discussions with international donor agencies, officials of host countries, project staff and contractors, and local media experts and journalists. Every possible effort was made to interview all those experts and managers who had intimate knowledge of the ongoing media assistance programs. Teams also examined locally available documents and reports and used translators to translate documents into English when necessary. In the absence of hard quantitative data, they largely relied on available documentation, indepth interviews, and their own knowledge of the media scene for their findings and conclusions. Finally, I organized a series of meetings in Washington, D.C., to discuss the findings of the country studies and explore new directions for media assistance programs. Such meetings helped to identify many problems and challenges facing media assistance programs and helped in formulating a set of recommendation for policymakers." (Chapter 1, page 10-11) more

Exporting Press Freedom: Economic and Editorial Dilemmas in International Media Assistance Deep Insights

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance Deep Insights

Exporting Press Freedom: Economic and Editorial Dilemmas in International Media Assistance
Deep Insights

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance
Deep Insights