"More than 20 years into democracy, the South African media landscape, although free and moderately pluralistic, still does not represent fairly the diversity of viewpoints held in the country. Yet, the South African media debate on transformation has been dominated by the ANC’s continued focus on
...
media accountability. This has silenced a more constructive debate on how to foster media diversity. In the wake of a review of the MDDA (Media Development and Diversity Agency) Act, this paper seeks to reignite this debate by investigating different types of print media regulation and support in Scandinavia, Latin America and West Africa. It argues, firstly, that print media regulation and support is crucial to foster and maintain democratic debate, which is endangered if the media market is left to its own devices. Secondly, government support to print media has been much more common around the globe than often assumed, especially in the Scandinavian countries, which have invested heavily and successfully in the sector. Thirdly, an analysis of national contexts of print media support highlights the perpetual danger of governments exerting censorship or control. However, as is demonstrated in the paper’s final section, a multiplicity of mechanisms of support exist that could be adapted to the South African context, whilst seeking to minimise state control." (Abstract)
more
"This chapter explores the South African experience in attempting to achieve a more diverse and representative media that articulate the aspirations of the country, after decades of apartheid which skewed the media towards white people. South Africa has not developed a diversity measurement tool, su
...
ch as the one developed for the European Commission to assess risks to media plurality in member states.1 A key problem the country faces in tracking the extent of concentration and diversity is that it has no ‘objective’2 means of assessing the extent of diversity, which up to this point has simply been ‘read off’ the number of existing media outlets. While a plurality of outlets may arguably be a necessary condition for diversity, it is by no means a sufficient condition." (Abstract)
more
"This is a collection of case studies of good practice in community media, mainly from developing countries, and focusing especially on radio. The first section addresses the enabling environment for community media, with ten country case studies of good practice in media policies, regulations, fund
...
ing and support structures. The second section presents ten case studies on community media sustainability, understood as its longevity, consistency as social enterprises, and rootedness in the communities they serve. The third section looks at social impact of community media, describing ten experiences of community media contributing to improvements in livelihoods, social change, citizen participation and other benefits. The case studies provide key characteristics, a summary, references and links. As they are very short (two pages each), the main function of this publication may lie in providing a first glance of the broad variety of community media approaches and practices." (CAMECO Update 1-2012)
more
"The Department of Communications (“DoC”) Community Radio Support Programme (“CRSP”) was initiated in 1998 and includes a range of categories of support: Infrastructure rollout to provide technical equipment to stations; Signal distribution and upgrade; Programme production support on specif
...
ic areas capacity building and training; and Satellite network infrastructure support. The CRSP project has played an important role in assisting in the growth and sustainability of the community radio sector since its inception. It has helped stations to get on air by installing studios in stations and increased their sustainability through subsidising signal distribution costs, giving support for programming and providing training (both workshops organised by the DoC and through support for the National Electronic Media Institute of South Africa (“Nemisa”). The CRSP was launched before the establishment of other public entities focused on supporting the sector such as the Universal Service and Access Agency of South Africa (“USAASA”), and the Media Development and Diversity Agency (“MDDA”), and therefore filled an important gap in assisting communities to exercise their rights to own their own media." (Executive summary, page 7)
more
"Inspired by “extra-market” initiatives to ensure media diversity in social-democratic Northern Europe, the Media Development and Diversity Agency (MDDA) is a path-breaking attempt by a developing country to support the media needs of marginalized communities too poor to be of interest to advert
...
ising-driven commercial media. This paper examines the policy process towards the establishmentof the MDDA as a partnership between the state, capital, and civil society within the constraints of South Africa’s re-entry into a global economy that privileges “free market” solutions to developmental problems. Under these onditions, do partnerships between the state, the private sector, and civil society facilitate or hinder the achievement of social objectives aimed primarily at uplifting the poor and marginalized?" (Abstract)
more
"Government has taken the bold step of setting up an independent agency that will address some of the problems of media development and diversity in South Africa. It is important to stress that the proposed Media Development and Diversity Agency (MDDA) will not interfere in the content of any newspa
...
per, television or radio station. Its primary purpose is to help create an enabling environment for media to develop and meet the diverse needs of all South Africans. This includes those marginalised because of factors such as gender, race, disability, geographical location, class or income, as well as marginalised schools of thought. While the scale of what is required to fully address media imbalances will be beyond the scope of the MDDA, it will play a key catalytic role through its funding, facilitation and research. This Position Paper was formulated through consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, including statutory bodies, the media and advertising industry, community media, NGOs, academics and trade unions. It is now government policy, and informs the draft legislation that will be presented to Parliament for consideration during 2002." (Foreword, page 6)
more