"Neue Entwicklungen im Bereich der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) bieten die Möglichkeit, den freien Zugang (open access) zu Informationen physisch zu erleichtern und neue Systeme und Netzwerke wissenschaftlicher und technologischer Innovationen zu etablieren. Insbesondere im Be
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reich des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens können elektronische Vertriebswege helfen, Entwicklungsländer an das globale Informationsnetz besser einzubinden und deren wirtschaftliche Situation zu stärken. Folgende positive Wirkungen für Entwicklungsländer lassen sich beispielhaft benennen: Erhöhung der Sichtbarkeit der Forschungsaktivitäten; Förderung des Informationsaustauschs sowohl unter Wissenschaftlern in Entwicklungsländern als auch mit Wissenschaftlern in den westlichen Ländern; Erhöhung der Attraktivität wissenschaftlicher Standorte und damit Verringerung der Abwanderung von Wissenschaftlern; Erschließung neuer Einnahmequellen für universitäre Einrichtungen durch die Etablierung von neuen Geschäfts- und Finanzierungsmodellen im Bereich des elektronischen Publizierens auf Basis der wissenschaftsgestützten Informationsversorgung. Bislang gibt es nur wenige Initiativen, die Wissenschaftler oder wissenschaftliche Institutionen in Entwicklungsländern bei der strukturierten elektronischen Veröffentlichung eigener Publikationen unterstützen. Dies mag zum Teil noch an den schlechten infrastrukturellen Voraussetzungen liegen, entscheidend sind aber mangelnde Kenntnis der Potentiale sowie unzureichende institutionelle und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen in den meisten Entwicklungsländern. Die Bundesregierung hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, durch wissenschaftlich-technologische Kooperation mit Entwicklungsländern deren Leistungsfähigkeit und damit die Entwicklung und den Wohlstand zu fördern. Die Wissenschaftlich technische Zusammenarbeit des BMBF ergänzt entwicklungspolitische Maßnahmen des BMZ in Partnerländern u.a. durch Auf- und Ausbau der wissenschaftlich-technologischen Infrastruktur. Zur Unterstützung wissenschaftsgestützter Publikationsprozesses im Rahmen der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit werden unterschiedliche Handlungsfelder dargestellt: Aufbau institutioneller Archive; Teilnahme an „Open Access Journals“; Entwicklung von Standards zum Austausch von Daten und für die Langzeitarchivierung, sowie Kompatibilität mit internationalen Standards; Aktivierung unterschiedlicher wirtschaftlicher und politischer Akteure auf allen Ebenen für die Unterstützung neuer Bibliotheken, fachspezifischer und regionaler Zugänge, neuer Mehrwertdienste und Geschäftsmodelle. Schlussendlich gibt die Studie zahlreiche Anregungen, wie Projekte im Bereich des elektronischen Publizierens konzipiert werden können." (Zusammenfassung)
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"A comprehensive guide for authors – especially students and budding scholars – designed to facilitate communication and understanding between authors and editors at CODESRIA, covering aspects of presentation and organization of manuscripts, notes and reference systems, tables and illustrations,
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obtaining permissions to reproduce material, preparing text on disk, dealing with copy editing queries and proofs, preparing an index, and more. While principally designed for CODESRIA authors, it will be useful for any author preparing a manuscript for publication." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa, 3d ed. 2008, nr. 2454)
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"This manual aims to help researchers enhance their communication skills and encourages them to think about the potential audiences for and beneficiaries of their research at the inception of every project. The manual highlights principles and procedures that have proven successful in presenting res
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earch results to peers, colleagues, the media, policymakers, and interest groups. It includes guidelines for targeting and reaching selected audiences as well as exercises for applying those guidelines. It invites researchers, workshop participants, and other readers to use their own recent work to develop immediately useful, usable communication strategies and documents. Although this manual outlines the principles for communicating food policy research, we caution our readers to use common sense and adapt the principles to the given situation. Experience has shown us that one approach can be successful in one scenario, but another approach is needed for a different situation. There is no single formula for achieving impact, but many possibilities to succeed in influencing policymakers and opinion leaders." (Page V)
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"[...] it is important that the practice of science communication reflects the fact that it takes place in social context. In other words, it is not just a question of conveying information, but also of engaging the potential users of that information. The need is to encourage dialogue and eventuall
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y to empower those to whom the information is being provided so that this information can be applied in a practical and useful way. It was with this in mind that the Science and Development Network (SciDev.Net) was launched in December 2001 as a source, through its Web site (www.scidev.net), of online news and analysis about the role of science and technology in meeting the needs of the developing world. Much of the material we use is taken from the science journals Nature and Science, both of which provide us with free access for up to four articles each week, the selection being based on a decision about which articles—ranging from news items or editorials to full scientific papers—are directly relevant to the needs of developing countries. In addition, other news articles are contributed by staff writers and a growing team of correspondents, including science journalists in South Africa, India, Tanzania, Brazil, Colombia, and China. We also summarise and link to relevant news stories, feature items, and opinion articles from media outlets around the world." (Page 28)
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"INASP-Health is a UK-based programme that promotes international networking amongst all those involved in the provision and use of health information including librarians, publishers, biomedical researchers, funding agencies, development professionals, frontline healthcare providers, public health
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specialists, social scientists and others, in order to improve access to relevant and reliable information for health professionals in developing and transitional countries. It was launched in 1996 as a programme of the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP). It has one full-time staff member, with some support for administration and finance from INASP. Since its inception, its activities have grown to include an Advisory and Liaison Service, bi-monthly Health Information Forum (HIF) meetings, the HIF-net at WHO email discussion list, the INASP Health Links Internet gateway, the Health Library Partnerships Database, and the INASP-Health Directory. INASP-Health's success has been to develop a set of real resources with expectations around their potential for further development. In the period reviewed for this evaluation, the work of INASP-Health has contributed to the improvement of access to reliable, relevant information for health professionals in developing countries. But demands on its services are growing and INASP-Health has now reached a stage where some fundamental decisions need to be made on its future development." (Executive summary)
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"While not specifically focusing on Africa, this directory from the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) is a useful resource as it provides detailed information on almost 400 agencies, organizations, institutions, learned societies, professional associations
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, donors, and foundations involved in activities that support the production, access and/or dissemination of information and knowledge in or between developing countries. It covers both subject-specific organizations in particular areas of the sciences, the humanities and social sciences, as well as organizations that specialize in library and book development, and for both groups this includes details of book and journal assistance schemes operated, or other type of support provided. Information is very full, and for most entries includes name and address, telephone/fax numbers, email address and Web site, contact personnel, aims and objectives and/or a mission statement, target audience, countries of operation, current activities, publications (if applicable), and future plans. No further print editions have been published following the 2002/2003 edition, but entries are now continuously updated in the online version. The electronic version can be browsed by the sector each organization works in, and each database entry offers organizational and contact details, profile details, and information about activities. Organizations can also be viewed by country, or searches can be conducted covering the entire database." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa, 3d ed. 2008, nr. 1392)
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"This DFID-funded book offers a literature review of sources that have provided insights on research dissemination both in and outside the UK. They conclude that researchers should consider the potential impact of their outputs much more carefully before producing reports. They identify organisation
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al, practical and psychological barriers to the effective dissemination of information and four explanations of how information influences policy: the 'rational' model (making information available sufficient); the limestone model (information trickles like water through porous rock); the gadfly model (information gets through because dissemination is prioritised as much as research itself); and insider model (researchers exploit links with policy-makers). While they found that non-UK researchers planned a strategy for disseminating information, the UK researchers produced lengthy outputs for a homogenised audience with little strategy for influencing. There should be more consultation between information producers and users of research on the types of outputs and strategies required for dissemination. They argue for (and give examples of) the need for dissemination plans, designing different kinds of outputs for different audiences and considering dissemination from the beginning of a project rather than the end. Their very varied case studies illustrate which dissemination strategies work in which contexts, ranging from very practical advice about translating research outputs into local languages, to more abstract principles about how dissemination can be useful if seen as a process of mutual learning. They also offer specific suggestions to contractors and DFID, as well as useful checklists of questions for researchers about planning effective dissemination, plus advantages and disadvantages of different dissemination 'pathways' (e.g. manuals, networks and briefs etc.)." (ODI website)
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