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Audio Identity in Branding and Brand Communication Strategy: A Systematic Review of the Literature on Audio Branding

Montserrat Vidal Mestre, Alfonso Freire Sánchez, Diego Calderón Garrido, Adrien Faure Carvallo, Josep Gustems Carnicer

Profesional de la Información, volume 31, issue 5: e310504 (2022), 12 pp.

"Brand creation and management has undergone a substantial change in recent years as a result of new communication strategies, adaptation to the digital transmedia paradigm, and interaction with consumers. The use of an audio identity as a variable in this architecture and its inclusion in the diffe ... more

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Research Note: Fighting Misinformation or Fighting for Information?

Alberto Acerbi, Sacha Altay, Hugo Mercier

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 3, issue 1 (2022), pp. 1-15

"A wealth of interventions have been devised to reduce belief in fake news or the tendency to share such news. By contrast, interventions aimed at increasing trust in reliable news sources have received less attention. In this article, we show that, given the very limited prevalence of misinformatio ... more

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Mapping the Nexus Between Media Reporting of Violence Against Girls: The Normalization of Violence, and the Perpetuation of Harmful Gender Norms and Stereotypes

Lorena Fuentes, Abha Shri Saxena, Jennifer Bitterly

UNICEF; UN Women (2022), 66 pp.

"It finds broad consensus across the literature that mainstream news media outlets tend to make use of harmful tropes and stereotypes when reporting on cases of gender-based violence, and that this contributes to the normalization of violence and perpetuation of discriminatory gender norms and stere ... otypes. The key modalities considered in the scholarly literature relate to the visual and textual features of news stories, and the sourcing practices used by journalists. Studies highlight a tendency for mainstream news reporting to mirror and reinforce the dynamics that contribute to gender-based violence in the first place, such as victim blaming, decentring the responsibility of perpetrators, and deploying stigmatizing or sensationalizing language that draws upon harmful gender norms and stereotypes about women’s and girls’ ‘appropriate roles’. Overall, the effect of these reporting modalities is to direct the public’s attention towards the behaviour and actions of victims and to suggest that the transgression is in the violation of a gender norm, rather than in the exercise of violence. Evidence from the scholarly literature also highlights that incidents of gender-based violence are largely reported as episodic events or independent incidents of crime, that such reports deploy language that blames the victim by suggesting that she violated established or expected gender norms and rules, and that the level of sensationalism or ‘shock value’ in the case determines its ‘newsworthiness’. Evidence also suggests that reporters still largely neglect to include inputs from gender-based violence, women’s rights or child protection experts. Subsequent sections dig deeper into the evidence of the nexus between news media reporting of violence against girls and the normalization of that violence. This involves analysing some of the more common tropes and stereotypes that circulate in relation to victims and perpetrators, and providing illustrative examples of how these shape interpretations of gender-based violence and its victims. These tropes and stereotypes are also shaped by vectors of intersectional discrimination across regional contexts, and evidence highlights that media reports play a crucial role in reinforcing hierarchies by differentiating between ‘types’ of victims (where some victims matter, or matter more than others). Significantly, from the age analysis perspective, evidence from media reports also indicates that there is often an ‘expiration date’ after which girl victims may not ‘count’ as children. Specifically, sexualization in news media coverage of cases of gender-based violence can function as a mechanism to portray adolescent girls as adult women, and thus to obscure not only the gender dimension but also age-based rights violations at play. Notably, while this review identifies a burgeoning literature analysing the dynamics of media reporting on gender-based violence against women and how these relate to the perpetuation of discriminatory gender norms and stereotypes, there is a concerning gap in similar scholarly literature analysing these dynamics in relation to girls. Specifically, while there is a rich body of literature that includes gender and intersectional analyses of media reporting of gender-based violence, research that centres the age-related lens and analysis alongside the gender lens is relatively thin or nascent. The final section spotlights the range of existing frameworks and guidelines for promoting more gender- and age-sensitive as well as victim-/survivor-centred reporting. It notes that, while there is a relatively clear path forward in terms of what needs to be done to drive positive change, a pressing gap remains in how to incentivize and ensure uptake and implementation of these frameworks and strategies for more responsible reporting of GBV within and across media organizations and among media practitioners. This section leverages insights from stakeholders, as well as the literature, to flag additional ‘enablers’ that may be key to unlocking the potential within these existing frameworks. These include dynamics that may have more or less impact at scale, including the values and commitments of individual journalists, networks of feminist journalists and gender editors, the presence of strong feminist and women’s movements that mobilize civil society in response to cases of violence and push for greater accountability from the state and media organizations, and advocacy and engagement with local news organizations and media practitioners by international organizations. Reflecting on the evidence, the review concludes by suggesting that achieving the kinds of changes needed to enable more gender- and age-sensitive reporting will require a combination of formal and informal mechanisms, strategies, and long-term efforts and investments. These need to acknowledge that, even though gender norms and stereotypes are ‘sticky’ and take time to change, the vast sphere of influence of news reporting, and of the media more broadly, means that it presents a tremendous opportunity and entry point for catalysing positive changes in how gender-based violence against girls is represented, and thus how we as a society interpret and respond to it." (Overview, pages 7-8) more

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Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review

Ingjerd Skafle, Anders Nordahl-Hansen, Daniel S. Quintana, Rolf Wynn, Elia Gabarron

Journal of Medical Internet Research, volume 24, issue 8: e37367 (2022), 20 pp.

"We aimed to synthesize the existing research on misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines spread on social media platforms and its effects. The secondary aim was to gain insight and gather knowledge about whether misinformation about autism and COVID-19 vaccines is being spread on social media platfor ... more

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Disinformation, Hoaxes, Curation and Verification: Review of Studies in Ibero-America 2017-2020

Javier Guallar, Lluis Codina, Pere Freixa, Pérez-Montoro Mario

Online Media and Global Communication, volume 1, issue 3 (2022), pp. 648-668

"This article is aligned with the recommendations of the main international organizations that fight against disinformation and infodemic, providing a review work that can be useful for researchers, professionals and scholars of the subject. Review articles like this one also help to establish futur ... more

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Key External Resources on Narrative Peacebuilding

Barcelona: Institute for Integrated Transitions (IFIT) (2022), 3 pp.

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Echo Chambers, Filter Bubbles, and Polarisation: A Literature Review

Amy Ross Arguedas, Craig T. Robertson et al.

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2022), 42 pp.

"This literature review examines, specifically, social science work presenting evidence concerning the existence, causes, and effect of online echo chambers and consider what related research can tell about scientific discussions online and how they might shape public understanding of science and th ... more

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Charting the Progression of a Journalism Subarea: A Meta-Analysis of Peace Journalism Scholarship

Adeola Abdulateef Elega, Engin Aluc, Omar Abu Arqoub, Metin Ersoy

International Journal of Communication, volume 16 (2022), pp. 1823-1850

"Over the past 2 decades, peace journalism (PJ) has been embraced by reporters as well as activists around the world in their coverage of war and conflict. As a result, it has earned a considerable amount of scholarly attention from academics. Despite that, no study has measured the progression of t ... more

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Digital Media for Behavior Change: Review of an Emerging Field of Study

William Douglas Evans, Lorien C. Abroms, David Broniatowski, Melissa A. Napolitano, Jeanie Arnold

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, volume 19, issue 9129 (2022), 14 pp.

"The purpose of the current paper is to provide an overview and describe methods in this emerging field, present use cases, describe a future agenda, and raise central questions to be addressed in future digital health research for behavior change. Digital media for behavior change employs three mai ... more

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Paradigm Changes and New Challenges for Media Education: Review and Science Mapping (2000-2021)

Ignacio Aguaded, Sabina Civila, Arantxa Vizcaíno-Verdú

Profesional de la Información, volume 31, issue 6: e310606 (2022), 13 pp.

"The aim of this study is to review our understanding of the scientific relevance of the terms “media education” and “educommunication” during the last two decades to describe its evolution on the basis of its terms, locations, thematic stages, and methodological approaches using a systemati ... more

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E-Participation in Africa: Literature Review

Grace Mutung’u

Bonn; Addis Ababa: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ); DataCipation Project (2022), 28 pp.

"E-participation is the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) or digital technologies to involve citizens in public decision-making with the goal of empowering citizens and for the benefit of society as a whole. It is part of e-governance, a term that refers to the use of ICTs in ... more

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Civic Participation in the Datafied Society: Towards Democratic Auditing?

Arne Hintz, Lina Dencik, Joanna Redden, Emiliano Treré, Jess Brand, Harry Warne

Data Justice Lab; Cardiff University (2022), 188 pp.

"Digital infrastructure increasingly enables the extraction, exploitation, processing and analysis of personal and behavioural data. Data analytics have not just become the core of the digital economy but also constitute a growing feature of the public sector. Wide areas of public administration are ... more

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Comprehending Media Systems for Media Development

Johanna Mack

Dortmund: Forum Medien und Entwicklung (fome); MEDAS21 (2022), 29 pp.

"Media development assistance and media systems research are intricately connected: by describing, assessing, and attempting to change them, media development actors produce knowledge about media systems and directly impact them. This research review explores the intersections of academic media syst ... more

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Mapping the nexus between media reporting of violence against girls: The normalization of violence, and the perpetuation of harmful gender norms and stereotypes. Evidence review

Lorena Fuentes, Abha Shri Saxena, Jennifer Bitterly

UNICEF; UN Women (2022), 66 pp.

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Fake news during the pandemic times: A systematic literature review using PRISMA

Tahir Mumtaz Awan, Mahroz Aziz, Aruba Sharif, Tehreem Raza Ch., Taha Jasam, Yusra Alvi

Open Information Science, volume 6 (2022), pp. 49-60

"The purpose of this systematic literature review is to review the major studies about misinformation and fake news during COVID-19 on social media. A total of 144 articles studies were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and 20 relevant articles were selected using th ... more

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Investigating Risks and Opportunities for Children in a Digital World: A Rapid Review of the Evidence on Children’s Internet Use and Outcomes

Mariya Stoilova, Sonia Livingstone, Rana Khazbak

Florence: UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti (2021), 81 pp.

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Remembering Franz-Josef Eilers SVD (1932–2021)

Christian Tauchner

Verbum SVD, volume 62, issue 1 (2021), pp. 116-138

"Divine Word Missionary and communication expert Franz-Josef Eilers passed away in Manila on January 13, 2021. He was a prominent SVD communication and media expert and had dedicated his life to social communication and the formation of missionaries in the SVD and beyond for an evangelisation in ter ... more

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Gender Digital Divide: Desk Review Report

Alexandra Tyers

Washington, DC: USAID (2021), viii, 87 pp.

"This desk review is the first phase of creating gender digital divide tools for USAID Gender Advisors. It provides an overview of the current status of the gender digital divide (with a particular focus on mobile phones and mobile Internet, although these are not the only aspects of the gender digi ... more

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The emotional well-being of journalists exposed to traumatic events: A mapping review

Jonas Osmann, Jeffrey Dvorkin, Yoel Inbar, Elizabeth Page-Gould, Anthony Feinstein

Media, War & Conflict, volume 14, issue 4 (2021), pp. 476–502

"This article presents a mapping review of the available literature on the emotional well-being of journalists exposed to traumatic events. The review consists of three parts: (a) a summary of the results of trauma-related literature; (b) identification of the limitations of studies to date; and (c) ... more

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An Evaluation of Online Security Guides for Journalists

Kristin Berdan

Berkeley: University of California, Center for Long-Term Cybersecurity (2021), 41 pp.

"As detailed in this paper, the analysis revealed that most online security guides for journalists do not prioritize their content effectively, and provide no clear path for users to improve their security in a time-efficient way. The advice provided was also inconsistent across the guides. This pap ... more