"All aid organisations rely on whistleblowing to find out about corruption and other irregularities; however, significant variations exist in their policies and practices. There is a need to tailor whistleblowing channels to specific contexts, operational environments, and target audiences . while e
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nsuring gender and inclusivity considerations . to improve accessibility. Best practices include engaging with trustworthy local organisations for receiving alerts, and relying on locally trained staff for face-to-face interactions. Whistleblowing management processesemphasise the principles of anonymity and confidentiality, security, and credibility, with a victim-centred approach. Yet, some departments in aid organisations lack independence in handling reports, potentially compromising response capabilities and prioritising organisational interests over individuals. Best practices emphasise a 'speak-up' and anti-corruption culture supported by the top management, as well as an ombudsperson providing neutral ethical advice. The ability of aid organisations to ensure whistleblower protection in recipient countries is limited by diverse legal frameworks and power dynamics. Enhancing whistleblower protection would require securing collaboration with legal authorities and offering guidance to potential whistleblowers." (Main points, page 3)
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"This edited collection seeks to better understand how journalism across cultures differs, presenting an in-depth exploration of global practices that departs from the typical Western-centric approach. Journalists across the world are trained, generally speaking, within Western models of reporting a
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nd are taught to do so as a practice where reporters need to aspire and aim for. Yet what such training is short of achieving is teaching reporters how to 'do' journalism within their own environments. In turn, what is required is a method of journalistic training and practice that is reflective of the actual practice reporters encounter on the ground. In order to do so, a better understanding of how journalism is practised in different parts of the world, the context surrounding such practices, the issues and challenges associated, and the positive practices that Western journalism can offer, is necessary. Promoting and deploying a culturally-specific and politically-relevant journalism, this book provides just that." (Publisher description)
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"Das gezielte Aufdecken geheimer Informationen durch Insider („Whistleblowing“) wird innerhalb von Unternehmen, Organisationen und Behörden oft kritisch gesehen, die Enthüllung von Staatsgeheimnissen häufig sogar strafrechtlich verfolgt. Auch demokratische Rechtsstaaten tun sich schwer mit Wh
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istleblowern und ihrem Tun. In fast allen Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union gibt es mittlerweile sogenannte Hinweisgeberschutzgesetze, mit denen eine entsprechende EU-Richtlinie zum Schutz von Whistleblowern in nationales Recht umgesetzt wird. Nicht nur das deutsche Umsetzungsgesetz nimmt dabei die Weitergabe von Geheiminformationen, die wesentliche Sicherheitsinteressen des Staates berühren, von diesem Schutz aus." (https://www.bpb.de)
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"The relationship between journalism and whistleblowers has been generally beneficial for both. Whistleblowers – whether they go to the media or directly to the authorities – must have guarantees that their actions do not lead to negative consequences, such as financial sanctions, job dismissals
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, undermining their family members or circles of friends, or threats of arbitrary arrest. When whistleblowers approach journalists, they sometimes require the protection of their identity. For this to happen, journalists need to respect the professional ethic of confidentiality and they need to not be subject to legal sanction for refusing to reveal their sources. Blowing the whistle should be understood as an exercise of the right to freedom of expression, not only as an instrumental tool to fight corruption or expose human rights violations." (Key findings)
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"The courageous acts of whistleblowing that inspired the world over the past few years have changed our perception of surveillance and control in today's information society. But what are the wider effects of whistleblowing as an act of dissent on politics, society, and the arts? How does it contrib
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ute to new courses of action, digital tools, and contents? This urgent intervention based on the work of Berlin's Disruption Network Lab examines this growing phenomenon, offering interdisciplinary pathways to empower the public by investigating whistleblowing as a developing political practice that has the ability to provoke change from within." (Publisher description)
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"People frequently provide journalists with information to report to the public. Some don't want their identity revealed. This chapter is about the rules that protect journalists from being compelled to reveal the identities of such people. It examines wether there is a global norm that journalists'
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sources should be protected." (Introduction)
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"There are three imperatives for advancing whistleblower protection: (1) to draft and enact comprehensive antiretaliation laws that reflect global best practices by learning from and acting on mistakes or omissions in less sophisticated pioneer laws; (2) to turn paper rights into reality by ensuring
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laws are used and implemented as intended; and (3) to improve the development of and access to technologies that facilitate confidential reporting of misconduct to protect the privacy of whistleblowers and their families [...] I n this report, we examine the strength of national whistleblower laws on paper, comparing their provisions to global best practices. We then review their track records to assess whether they are in fact making a difference. To test the effectiveness of whistleblower laws, we explored whether whistleblowers utilised the laws and the win-loss rates. The results, as detailed in the findings section, suggest that in many of the 37 countries we examined, the effectiveness of national whistleblower laws appears questionable due to a lack of public access to case decisions and data on settlement agreements, a lack of utilisation of the laws for disputes, a poor success rate for whistleblowers and meagre compensation for the few whistleblowers who prevail." (Abstract)
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"This volume brings together leading experts from a variety of fields to critically evaluate the extent to which global norms on freedom of expression and information have been established and which actors and institutions have contributed to their diffusion. The contributors also consider ongoing a
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nd new challenges to these norms, from conflicts over hate speech and the rise of populism to authoritarian governments, as well as the profound disruption introduced by the internet. Together, these essays lay the groundwork for an international legal doctrine on global freedom of expression that considers issues such as access to government-held information, media diversity, and political speech." (Publisher description)
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"In 2019, the European Union adopted the “Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law” (Whistleblower Protection Directive). EU Member States are required to transpose the provisions of th
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e Directive into national law by 17 December 2021. This is an opportunity for all EU countries to bring their national legal framework on whistleblower protection in line with international standards and best practice. The Directive contains many advanced provisions, such as the obligations for a wide range of entities to establish internal whistleblowing mechanisms, to follow up on reports and to keep the whistleblower informed. However, it also has some significant gaps [...] It is important therefore that EU Member States adopt national legislation on whistleblower protection that not only meets the minimum standards of the Directive but that also goes beyond the Directive, to meet international standards and best practice. As such, this methodology is designed to enable assessment of national legislation on whistleblower protection against both the minimum standards set by the EU Directive and best practice." (Introduction, page 3)
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"This booklet contains a series of stories and essays on the impact and rationale behind the various PubLeaks platforms that Free Press Unlimited has helped set up over the years." (Publisher description)
"With this guide, I aim to help journalists navigate the ethical dilemmas they encounter as they interview people who have experienced harm. While there are numerous practical guides on such interviewing, especially on trauma journalism, I have yet to find a guide that explores the deeper ethical qu
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estions of what conditions, if any, make such journalism morally justifiable and not purely extractive or voyeuristic. I’ve also encountered little public record of journalists discussing these ethical questions though I am confident that such conversations happen, whether at conferences or in private. This guide aims to bring those conversations to the wider public so that journalists and non-journalists alike can see how some of us are thinking through these questions and trying new approaches in search of a more mutually beneficial journalism." (Introduction, page 2)
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"Following the enormous political, legal, and media interest that has surrounded high profile cases of whistleblowing, such as Chelsea Manning and Edward Snowden, the fundamental ethical questions surrounding whistleblowing have often been obscured. In this fascinating book Eric Boot examines the et
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hical issues at stake in whistleblowing. Can the disclosure of classified government documents ever be justified? If so, how? Why does it require justification in the first place? Can there ever be a duty to blow the whistle? When is breaking the law justified? On a more practical level, this book also considers the various whistleblower protection documents and finds them often lacking in consistency and clarity, before providing an argument for a plausible "public interest" defense for whistleblowers." (Publisher description)
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"Media reporting and investigative journalism, including by NGOs, is a vastly useful, but possibly underexploited, source of information for allegations of transnational corruption. The exposure of recent scandals through effective international cooperation by transnational networks of journalists a
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s well as NGOs has amplified the impact of investigative reporting and significantly raised awareness of cross-border financial crime. While the OECD Secretariat regularly monitors global press for foreign bribery allegations and brings these to the attention of law enforcement officials in Parties to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, the OECD Working Group o Bribery (WGB) will, in turn, continue to ensure that countries allocate appropriate human resources, expertise, foreign-language skills, training and software, to monitor and act upon media reports of bribery in international business. A constructive relationship between the media, civil society and law enforcement could also be further strengthened while ensuring the independence and integrity of the different actors. Effective press freedom, open data, access to information and whistleblower protection frameworks are essential to enable free and credible reporting. Nevertheless, the number of journalists killed while reporting, many on corruption stories, is alarming. Governments must make press freedom and the protection of journalists, and their sources, a priority. Two-thirds of Parties to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention still do not provide satisfactory whistleblower protection despite significant progress made by several countries in recent years. Given the importance of whistleblowers and the protection of sources in bringing allegations of corruption to light, the OECD will continue to work with countries to establish effective legislative frameworks for the protection of both public and private sector whistleblowers." (Conclusion)
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"With regards to actual implementations of ICT tools for anti-corruption, six main categories emerge: r-government and the digital public services; crowdsourcing platforms; whistleblowing platforms; transparency platforms; news reporting and dissemination platforms; DLT & blockchain technology. The
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report analyses each category of tools, using reviews of existing literature as well as interviews with key experts and leaders of ICT anti-corruption projects to offer insights on use cases, implantation considerations, and advantages and disadvantages of a given tool. For example, crowdsourcing platforms benefit significantly from the existence of a follow-up mechanism that allows citizen complaints to be acted upon, and transparency platforms centred on freedom of information requests are likely to succeed only if citizens feel empowered to make requests of their own without fear of being seen as confrontational or facing retribution." (Executive summary)
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"The insights in this study identify that we should not only deal with the whistleblowing concerns much further upstream, but we should also support whistleblowers much earlier in the process by ensuring that not only is the concern dealt with but that the individual who raised it is provided with t
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he necessary support and protection from the outset before any detrimental treatment or retaliatory action can take place. All of the whistleblowers interviewed for this study suggested that they had wanted their concern to be addressed and for it to be the end of the matter. Unfortunately, a chain of events, often led by retaliatory practices by their organisations, meant that the whistleblowers suffered, and continue to suffer unnecessarily. This highlights that whilst it is extremely important for states, and the European Union as a whole, to consider the implementation of whistleblower protection laws, we must not lose sight of the fact that we also need to educate and support organisations and society as a whole to treat whistleblowers better in the first place, thus removing the need for individuals to have to make a choice between not raising the concern and years of life-changing psychosocial, physical and familial consequences. For some jurisdictions and some organisations, supporting and handling whistleblowers from the outset of them raising their concerns will require a substantial shift in understanding towards a more inclusive and accepting response towards whistleblowers. Civil society and other actors working on whistleblowing can support this process by actively engaging with stakeholders at multiple levels. The below table provides an illustration of the different suggested levels, potential stakeholders and several examples of engagement and technical assistance." (Conclusion)
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"This study, which covers 121 UNESCO Member States, represents a global benchmarking of journalistic source protection in the Digital Age. It focuses on developments during the period 2007-2015. The legal frameworks that support protection of journalistic sources, at international, regional and coun
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try levels, are under significant strain in 2015. They are increasingly at risk of erosion, restriction and compromise - a development that is seen to represent a direct challenge to the established universal human rights of freedom of expression and privacy, and one that especially may constitute a threat to the sustainability of investigative journalism. In many of the countries examined in this Study, it was found that legal source protection frameworks are being actually or potentially: overridden by national security and anti-terrorism legislation; undercut by surveillance – both mass and targeted; jeopardised by mandatory data retention policies and pressure applied to third party intermediaries - like ISPs, telcos, search engines, social media platforms - to release data which risks exposing sources; outdated when it comes to regulating the collection and use of digital data, such as whether information recorded without consent is admissible in a court case against either a journalist or a source; and whether digitally stored material gathered by journalistic actors is covered by existing source protection laws." (Executive summary)
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"The report provides an overview of the most recent rules, case law and policies across Europe with regard to the privileges that are given to journalists when exercising their activities. As a rule, when identifying the relevant legal aspects, three features are taken into account: the correspondin
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g provisions shall a) be aimed at guaranteeing through special information rights that media are able to fulfil their opinion-shaping function, b) ensure through special procedural mechanisms that freedom of the media is safe from state interference, and/or c) prevent people affected by media reporting from being in a position to suppress it under civil or criminal law without taking into account the freedom of the media." (Foreword)
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