"The following report reflects the results of media content monitoring to analyze conflict coverage by Azerbaijani- and Armenian-language regional platforms. In addition, the report incorporates conflict-related qualitative data acquired from specific Russian- and Georgian-language Facebook accounts
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. The study aims to identify the degree of media's adherence to professional standards of conflict reporting and the potential spread of disinformation and hate speech. The study applied a mixed methodology - namely, Internews' conflict coverage assessment methodology, which relies on quantitative and qualitative methods and was adapted for use in the context of Georgia. The study has also utilized the Facebook analytics tool CrowdTangle for social media monitoring. The report reflects the results of monitoring conducted between May 1, 2021 and January 31, 2022." (Introduction)
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"While the field of Journalism Studies has already engaged in rich debates on how to rethink the truth conditions of user-generated content (UGC) in platform journalism, we argue that it has missed out on the ethico-political function of UGC as testimonials of lives-at-risk. If we wish to recognize
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and act on UGC as techno-social practices of witnessing human pain and death, we propose, then we need to push further the conceptual and analytical boundaries of the field. In this paper, we do this by introducing a view of UGC as flesh witnessing, that is as embodied and mobile testimonies of vulnerable others that, enabled by smartphones, enter global news environments as appeals to attention and action. Drawing on examples from the Syrian conflict, we provide an analysis of the narrative strategies through which flesh witnessing acquires truth-telling authority and we reflect on what is gained and lost in the process. Western story-telling, we conclude, strategically co-opts the affective dimension of flesh witnessing – its focus on child innocence, heroic martyrdom or the data aesthetics of destruction – and selectively minimizes its urgency by downplaying or effacing the bodies of non-western witnesses. This preoccupation with verification should not be subject to geopolitical formulations and needs to be combined with an explicit acknowledgement of the embodied voices of conflict as testimonies of the flesh whose often mortal vulnerability is, in fact, the very condition of possibility upon which western broadcasting rests." (Abstract)
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"En los artículos se destaca el papel del periodismo comunitario en la construcción de la ciudadanía y la democracia, la importancia del periodismo cívico en la experiencia de Radio Quillabamba, se averigua sobre las implicancias de la relación entre periodismo y medio ambiente. También se ana
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liza el sensacionalismo en la construcción mediática de la mujer, el discurso de las imágenes en relación con los indígenas amazónicos en el caso Bagua y los paradigmas sobre los sujetos y efectos de la comunicación. Los temas de estos artículos convergen en la cultura colectiva como escenarios y expresión de sujetos sociales que buscan dar a conocer sus culturas y necesidades sociales, también la importancia del periodismo social comprometido con las agendas ciudadanas; por otro lado, se presentan el sensacionalismo y los discursos estereotipados, como problemas de representación de las mujeres y los indígenas limitándolos a representaciones banalizadas y secundarias en las agendas mediáticas y los imaginarios sociales." (Presentación, página 6)
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"Consejo de Redacción presenta esta breve guía con recomendaciones para que periodistas, comunicadores y comunicadoras, y medios de comunicación puedan incluir en su quehacer un periodismo con enfoque de género que sea sensible al conflicto. Este documento contiene un contexto sobre la situació
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n de las mujeres periodistas en el país, recomendaciones para hacer un periodismo de género sensible al conflicto, un protocolo de prevención de violencias y seguridad para las mujeres en terreno y termina con unas recomendaciones de seguridad digital." (Presentación, página 5)
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"Les analyses et réflexions axées sur la problématique de la communication de crise en Côte d’Ivoire permettent, d’une part, de révéler les sources, les enjeux et les conséquences de la communication publique et globale en période de crise. Elles mènent, d’autre part, à observer de n
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ombreuses entropies, notamment la communication zéro et les incommunications, qui sont des actions et pensées attentatoires à la communication positive et efficace. Cet ouvrage, à travers des cas, évoque les paradigmes de la communication de crise et propose la gestion méthodique ou professionnelle de la communication en contexte de crise. Il s’agit des situations de communication de crise qui dévoilent l’impériosité de la prospective systémique et dynamique de la communication en société, surtout en situation de crise." (Dos de couverture)
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"La mediática de la guerra y la paz consta de cuatro ensayos que estudian los discursos, las imágenes y la comunicación durante los años del proceso de paz en Colombia (2012-2016). La investigación principal es de Valeria Parra Gregory, politóloga y periodista, quien aborda las palabras mediat
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izadas durante estos diálogos. El texto de Omar Rincón, ensayista y profesor de la Universidad de los Andes, reflexiona sobre la figura de Santos y sus modos erroristas de habitar comunicativamente la paz. El análisis de Jorge Bonilla, estudioso de los medios de comunicación y profesor de la Universidad EAFIT, nos recuerda que para lograr la reconciliación debemos mirarnos en el horror que habita las imágenes. Y, finalmente, Rousbeh Legatis, experto internacionalista, nos lleva a comprender cómo desde la mediática se construye colectiva y solidariamente la paz." (Cubierta del libro)
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"¿Qué quiere decir la paz? Esta pregunta parece ser elemental; sin embargo, es difícil definirla. Esta investigación profundiza el análisis teórico y sociológico de la paz abordando las negociaciones entre el Estado colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia. Se parte del pr
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incipio de que la paz, lejos de ser un concepto único, contempla una amplia gama de interpretaciones, articulada de manera diferenciada por los actores. Su objetivo es analizar la cobertura mediática de seis periódicos en torno a las negociaciones para determinar el tipo de paz que cada medio esbozó en su línea editorial. Por medio de un análisis de discurso de 568 editoriales, se construyó una tipología con cinco enfoques: securitario, liberal, constructivista, plural y ambiental. La mayoría de análisis en estudios de paz se enfocan en otros actores, excluyendo a los medios. El artículo demuestra que estos exhiben contribuciones sustanciales a los enfoques alternativos de paz." (Resumen)
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"War journalism, by the nature of its work, is arguably one of the most dangerous professions in the world. Journalists working in conflict-prone areas are constantly exposed to the inherent threats of the battlefield. Over the period of time, there has been a number of attacks, assaults, and arrest
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s upon journalistic profession who conduct reporting from conflict situations worldwide. What is more serious is that most of these attacks are deliberate in nature. The conflicting parties often fear the undeniable powers of word and image journalists spread. Under the current international regime, there is a number of normative frameworks which guarantees the protection of journalist operating in armed conflicts. However, there is a serious question regarding the adequacy and implementation of the available protection mechanisms. This paper is an attempt to study the current international framework which governs and protects the journalists operating in International and Non-International Armed Conflicts worldwide. Particular focus is given to the protection available under International Humanitarian Law. In addition, the paper clarifies the conditions in which journalists lose their protection and become legitimate targets. The paper also traces out the shortcomings within the current regime of International Humanitarian Law. Finally, the paper discusses some additional proposals that could enhance the safety of journalists in the field. The paper follows the qualitative method of research and uses both primary and secondary sources of information." (Abstract)
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"The recent “emotional turn” in journalism studies has yet to substantially focus on the role that affect and emotion play in specific practices of journalism. This paper examines the affective/emotional dimensions of journalists coping with exhaustion during a reporting assignment in South Suda
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n to explore the ways in which the these might meaningfully alter how the practice is performed. I argue that affect/emotion ought not to be understood as simply a form of failure to act rationally, or affective baggage picked up as a result of practice, but as integral to practices of journalism itself. I use the example of exhaustion, its effects on the practices of journalists and their responses to it to point to types of affective/emotional work that journalists undertake in order to both do journalism safely and successfully and to do work which is recognisably “professional” journalism." (Abstract)
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"[Ce livre] examine les pratiques journalistiques qui ont caractérisé la couverture médiatique du conflit armé ayant opposé les Forces armées de la RDC à la rébellion du Mouvement du 23 mars (M23) dans la province du Nord Kivu. L’auteur scrute le positionnement des journalistes des radios
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congolaises et étrangères face aux discours et actions déployés par les protagonistes du conflit en vue d’exercer un contrôle absolu sur la production et la diffusion de l’information, une composante importante de la stratégie militaire en situation de conflit. Pas moins de trente heures d’informations diffusées sur cinq radios (Kivu One et VBR de Goma, Top Congo FM et Radio Okapi de Kinshasa, RFI émettant depuis Paris) sont confrontées aux discours de dix-neuf journalistes présents sur le terrain lors des événements. Cette confrontation éclaire sur l’incidence des conditions de production dans la construction des récits produits." (Dos de couverture)
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"The chapter reflects upon reporting conflict based on the author’s own experiences from several decades in the field. Exploring the assessments being made around risk and safety as Head of Newsgathering at the BBC, decisions which have echoes in the themes of this book. Through a personal practic
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e-based contribution, the chapter describes covering a conflict as “dirty, dangerous and nerve-wracking” and how, both in covering conflict and in journalism as a whole, grey areas are more common than absolutes. The author reflects upon the opportunities and challenges posed by technology in war zones, the particular tension in covering a conflict in your own home patch and the innate desire – despite all of these concerns – that some journalists have to go to war." (Abstract)
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"Theorising Media and Conflict is the result of a joint and interdisciplinary effort to set the theoretical and empirical agenda in theorising upon the complex relationship between media and conflict. By considering the theorisation work accomplished by the ‘Anthropology of Media’ series forerun
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ner Theorising Media and Practice (edited by Bräuchler and Postill), it takes the notion of media (as) practice to new terrain. It thus counters studies that display Western biases, normative assumptions and unsubstantiated claims about ‘media effects’ in conflict situations. Through ground-up theorising, careful contextualisation, comparative perspectives, ethnographic and other qualitative methods, it provides evidence for the co-constitutiveness of media and conflict, and contributes to the consolidation of media and conflict as a distinct area of scholarship. While the contributions to this book deal with different kinds of media and conflict situations in distinct world regions and examine various aspects of media use, they all engage with media and conflict dynamics from a participant’s perspective as well as from an analytical perspective. Such an approach allows for the theorisation of media and conflict beyond a particular type of media, conflict or region." (Preface, page ix-x)
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"The dynamic nature of reporting requires journalists to interrogate their emotions as well as their sense of professionalism. This article focuses on the complex relationship between emotionality and professionalism mediated by journalists who reported on cases of genocide. This extraordinary confl
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ict situation provides a unique lens from which to explore the personal and professional resolve of journalists. Utilising interviews with UK journalists that reported on genocides in Rwanda and Srebrenica, this article develops a framework which characterises journalistic emotional labour as distinct, multi-faceted and somewhat contradictory. While participants described reporting as a focused, professional process in which emotions were silenced, the instinctual element and residual emotional toll associated with reporting on genocide demonstrates emotionality was not entirely absent. This article therefore provides a future template from which to explore emotional labour as part of a transformative relationship between journalists’ emotionality and professionalism." (Abstract)
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"Due to the fighting between the Myanmar Army and the Rohingya militant group Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) in August 2017, hundreds of thousands of stateless Rohingya Muslims fled to Bangladesh. The Myanmar Army was accused of committing torture, atrocities, arson and gang-rapes against the
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Rohingya Muslims during its operations to wipe out the ARSA. When covering this conflict, Myanmar journalists faced criticism from international media and monitoring groups that most of their stories were one-sided and lacked multiple voices. To discover which barriers have impeded Myanmar journalists in their reporting, I conducted in-depth interviews with 17 reporters and editors from 10 media outlets and also drew from my own experiences during 14 years as a Myanmar journalist. The analysis of interviews showed that journalists faced restricted access to the conflict area, limited cooperation from the government and the army, pressures from local Rakhine people, difficulty accessing Rohingya Muslims, barriers in the verification processes, personal safety concerns, and ethical dilemmas. The results suggested that as long as freedom of press is restrained and safety of messengers is threatened, journalists will find it hard to practice peace journalism or conflict sensitive journalism to the fullest. In addition, as previous studies on conflict reporting suggest, this study also revealed that some journalists favored what they believed to be in the national interest whenever they found themselves in an ethical dilemma." (Abstract)
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"Safety of journalists has been studied as part of freedom of expression. This chapter seeks to address issues surrounding journalists' safety and censorship in Colombia by shedding light on a triple menace: the decrease in journalistic quality, citizens' right to information, and the influence on j
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ournalists' professional behavior by analysing the multifaceted press censorship from 2008 to 2012, which occurred before the Peace Accord between FARC guerrilla and former president Juan Manuel Santos. Media ethnography and in-depth interviews were used. Employing the Bourdieu's theory of professional field, the praxis, rationale, and censorship of journalists during the conflict were mapped. The findings shed light on how the censorship went on during a more stable period in the conflict and how journalists were silenced and threatened." (Abstract)
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"Exploring the ways in which language and conflict are intertwined and interrelated, this book examines the changes that have taken place in the public discourse of the Ukraine and Russia since 2014 and the beginning of the 'Ukrainian Crisis.' Through analysis of the narratives constructed by differ
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ent social groups in Ukraine, Language of Conflict shows how discourse can illuminate the competing worldviews and the conflicting positions of the various stakeholders in this conflict. Through critical discourse analysis and multimodality, this book explores the prevalent narratives and the linguistic features of the salient discourses surrounding this conflict. Using Russian- and Ukrainian-language texts from traditional and social media, contributors from Ukraine, Russia and beyond investigate discourses surrounding the most important topics of the crisis: its causes and goals, the sides, and the values and ideologies of the opposing parties. Highlighting the ways in which the stress produced by social discord, economic hardship and violence, is reflected in verbal aggression, slurs, insults and profane language of extraordinary linguistic creativity, Language of Conflict provides insight into the ways people think about, respond to and experience the reality of conflict in their everyday communication." (Publisher description)
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