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Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
24
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
23
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
19
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
15
Media Law & Regulation
15
Audiences & Users
14
Digital Media Landscapes
14
ICT Regulation
14
Media Markets
14
Public Media, State Media
14
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
13
News Websites & Portals
13
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
13
Blogging, Blogs
12
Digital Communication, Digital Media
11
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
10
Media / Communication Control
10
Facebook
10
Social Media in Political Communication
9
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
8
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
7
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
7
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
7
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
6
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
6
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
6
Twitter & Microblogs
6
Investigative Journalism
6
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
5
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
5
Media Use, Media Consumption
5
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
5
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
5
Journalism
5
Politics and Media
5
Democracy / Democratization and Media
5
User-Generated Contents
5
Election Campaigns
4
Freedom of Expression
4
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
4
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
4
Convergence of Media
4
Digital Research Methods
4
Digital & Information Literacy
4
Internet
4
Media Assistance: Digital Journalism & Social Media
4
Online Communication
4
Political Blogging
4
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
4
Good Practice Examples
4
Indigenous Communication
4
Crowdsourcing
4
Influence of Media on Politics
4
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
3
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
3
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
3
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
3
Nonprofit Public Relations: Design & Implementation
3
Participatory Communication
3
War Reporting
3
Algorithms & Big Data
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
3
Digital & Social Media Effects
3
Internet and Politics
3
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
3
Digital Political Communication
3
Social Media & Web 2.0 for Development
3
Websites
3
Election Campaigns: Social Media
3
Political Transition and Media
3
Islam and Communication
3
Qualitative Research Methods
3
Television
3
Al-Jazeera
3
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Internet & Social Media Use: Minorities
2
Media Use: Youth
2
Mobile Phone Use
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Videos
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
2
Censorship
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
Public Relations
2
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
2
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Anthropology of Media & Communication
2
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
2
Development and Media
2
Digital Criticism
2
Religious Digital & Social Media Practices
2
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
2
E-Governance, E-Democracy
2
Electronic Commerce
2
Digital Market Concentration
2
Online Public Relations
2
Online Fundraising
2
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
2
Video & Foto Online Communities
2
YouTube
2
Wikis
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Gaming, Video Games
2
COVID-19 Communication
2
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Photojournalism
2
Political Reporting
2
Media & Communication Policies
2
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
2
BBC
2
Political Communication
2
Quantitative Research Methods
2
Rohingya
2
Networks & Networking
2
Digital Switchover
2
Electoral Advertising, Political Advertising
1
Television Advertising
1
Celebrity Humanitarianism
1
Agricultural Information & Extension
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Audience Research: Online Surveys
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Media Use: Indigenous Populations
1
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
1
Media Use: Lower Classes & Poor Population
1
Media Use: Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups
1
Media Reception & Effects: Youth
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Campaigning
1
Catholic Church and Communication
1
Catholic Digital Media Presence & Online Communities
1
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
1
Girls and Media
1
Media Literacy: Children
1
Adventist Church
1
Aesthetics in Film & Visual Communication
1
Celebrities, Idols, Stars
1
Copyright: Photos & Illustrations
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
1
NGOs & Civil Society Organizations: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Nonprofit Public Relations & Marketing
1
Online Marketing, Online Public Relations
1
Social Marketing
1
Community Radios
1
Groups, Group Communication, Group Development
1
Storytelling
1
Genocides
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Digital Anthropology, Cyberanthropology
1
Media Ethnography
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Cultural Diversity
1
Digital Cultures
1
Digital Humanities
1
Museums
1
Development NGOs
1
Good Governance
1
Behaviour Change Communication
1
Communicating Development Projects, Media in Development Programmes
1
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Healthcare & Information, Mobile Health, E-Health, Telemedicine
1
Digital Media Startups
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Mailing Lists
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
1
History of Internet & Digital Media
1
Internet and Development
1
Internet Business Management
1
Internet / ICTs and Social Change
1
Chat
1
Political Websites & Online Communities
1
Online Magazines & Newspapers
1
Online Media & Internet Economics
1
Social Media Companies
1
Digital Media Markets
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Filter Bubbles & Echo Chambers
1
Influencers (Social Media)
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Religion in Social Media
1
Telegram
1
TikTok
1
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
1
Flickr
1
Instagram
1
Yala-Young Leaders (Social Networking Website)
1
Streaming Media
1
Web Design
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
Educational Use of ICTs / Internet
1
Online Learning, E-Learning
1
ICTs and Development
1
ICTs and Poverty Reduction
1
ICT Development Assistance
1
ICT Policies
1
Virtual Reality
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Humanitarian Aid
1
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Digital & Online Archives
1
Data Bases, Digital Libraries, Open Access Repositories
1
Information Management
1
Rural Libraries
1
Media Ownership
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Taxes
1
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
1
Training Courses, Course Development
1
Training of Trainers, Teacher Education
1
Webinars
1
Media Literacy: Gaming
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Bias in News Media
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Information Products & Services: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Self-Assessment, Self-Evaluation
1
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
1
Health Communication in Social Media, User-Generated Contents
1
History of Journalism
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
Diplomacy
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalism Sources
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
News
1
Local News
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Sexual Abuse Reporting, Sexual Violence Reporting
1
African Languages
1
Linguistics & Sociolinguistics
1
Slavic Languages
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Diffusion of Innovations
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Music
1
Deaf & Hard of Hearing People
1
Politics
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Governance
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Capitalism
1
Socialism
1
Political Participation
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Police
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Propaganda
1
Public Opinion
1
Public Spheres
1
Trade Unions & Labor Movements: Communication Strategies
1
Newsletters
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Cyberpsychology
1
Media Effects
1
Persuasive Communication
1
Everyday Life
1
Memory, Memorizing
1
Jihad
1
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
1
Research Methods
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
1
Ethnographic Research
1
Focus Groups & Group Discussions (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Discrimination
1
Civil Society
1
Social Anthropology
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Robots, Robotics
1
Technologies: Impact Assessment
1
Mobile Phone Use for Social Purposes, Mobiles for Development
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Visual Communication
1
Youth Languages
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

Mapping Digital Media: Indonesia

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2014), 92 pp.
"The emergence of digital media in Indonesia coincided with the country’s transition to democracy beginning in 1998. In some ways, digitization has catalyzed the development of diverse and independent media. Market reforms in favor of liberalization have gone hand in hand with convergence and prol ... more

Pakistan's Media Landscape: The Effects of Liberalization

Berlin: Vistas;Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2013), 196 pp.
"Obwohl die Medienmärkte in Pakistan nach der Liberalisierung 2002 einen regelrechten Boom erlebten, haben Medienschaffende bis heute mit zahlreichen Herausforderungen zu kämpfen. Die neue Meinungsfreiheit traf viele Medienschaffende unvorbereitet - Selbstzensur ersetzte häufig die vorherige staa ... more

Social Media in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit

In: Einführung in die Entwicklungspolitik
Hartmut Ihne; Jürgen Wilhelm (eds.)
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2013), pp. 367-380

The World Internet Project: International Report

Los Angeles: USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, Center for the Digital Future, 5th ed. (2013), 87 pp.

Mapping Digital Media: Malaysia

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 120 pp.
"Two out of three Malaysians regularly use the internet (even though large areas of the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, where nearly a fifth of the population lives, pose logistical challenges regarding infrastructure) and a third of the population have a 3G mobile subscription. Broadban ... more

Mapping Digital Media: Bulgaria

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 92 pp.
"After a significant delay, the transition to digital terrestrial broadcasting in Bulgaria is scheduled to be finished in 2013. While cable television appears to have peaked since 2007, satellite television continues to increase its penetration, more often through bundled services. On the other hand ... more

Mapping Digital Media: Kenya

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 94 pp.
"In online journalism, the virtues associated with ethics—accuracy, honesty, truth, impartiality, fairness, balance, respect for autonomy of ordinary people—are barely respected, largely because there is no effective way of policing this, and there are no legal penalties. Concentration of owners ... more

Media Use in the Middle East: An Eight-Nation Survey

Qatar: Northwestern University in Qatar;Harris Interactive (2013), 97 pp.
"In assessing attitudes toward the media, one notable finding was a vote of confidence for improved quality of news media reporting between 2011 and 2013 with a majority of adults agreeing that it has improved in six of the eight countries surveyed. This optimism is also reflected in overall percept ... more

2013 Social Media Guidebook

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2013), 153 pp.
"Though Facebook’s near-ubiquitous lead might indicate that the global social network landscape is simplifying, it quickly becomes clear this is not the case. This report aims to help marketers assess the social network landscape in 27 countries by briefly examining four key factors: top social ne ... more

Social Networking, Social Media and Complex Emergencies: An Annotated Bibliography

Adelaide: University of Adelaide, Applied Communication Collaborative Research Unit (ACCRU);Australian Civil-Military Centre (ACMC) (2013), 70 pp.
"This annotated bibliography compiles both peer-reviewed literature, typically sourced from academic journals, as well as a range of opinion and technical resources drawn from agencies that have a humanitarian mandate. It is important to note that this annotated bibliography does not seek to present ... more

Mapping Digital Media: Slovakia

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 89 pp.

Mapping Digital Media: Pakistan

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 113 pp.
"Pakistan has long suffered from high inflation, led by soaring food prices, which has increased poverty levels. According to the United Nations’ 2011 Human Development Report, half the population suffers deprivations of all types. Only half is literate. Even then there are only 12 million televis ... more

Mapping Digital Media: Estonia

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 84 pp.
"Estonians have demonstrated a keen appetite for digital media uptake. More than three-quarters of the population accesses the internet regularly, and more than half of those are active on social networking platforms. Recent surveys suggest that nearly a quarter of internet users now connect via sma ... more

Changing Media and Politics in Tajikistan

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2013), 66 pp.

Mapping Digital Media: Kazakhstan

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 114 pp.
"The story of Kazakhstani media is of two contrasting dynamics: the increasingly controlled and innovation-shy offline space, and the vibrant, less-restricted digital environment. The rise of digital media has yielded benefits for citizens and democracy, albeit these are limited by the dominance of ... more

Electronic Iran: The Cultural Politics of an Online Evolution

New Brunswick, New Jers.: Rutgers University Press (2013), viii, 149 pp.
"Electronic Iran introduces the concept of the Iranian Internet, a framework that captures interlinked, transnational networks of virtual and offline spaces. Taking her cues from early Internet ethnographies that stress the importance of treating the Internet as both a site and product of cultural p ... more