Filter
1019
Featured
Free Access
631
Key Guidance
3
Top Insights
28
Topics
Media Law & Regulation
240
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
215
Journalistic Quality
96
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
80
Censorship
71
Public Service Broadcasting
71
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
62
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
60
Journalism
56
Media & Communication Policies
48
Freedom of Expression
47
Journalism Education & Training
44
Media / Communication Control
43
Associations & Networks of Journalists
37
Politics and Media
36
Democracy / Democratization and Media
35
Press
29
Media Management
28
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
27
Self-Censorship
26
Media Ownership
24
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
23
Ethics in Media & Communication
23
Political Transition and Media
23
Communication Rights
22
Television
22
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
20
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
20
Media Use, Media Consumption
19
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
19
Radio
19
Newspapers
18
Media Assistance
17
Democracy
16
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
14
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
14
News Agencies
14
Media, Mass Media
14
Watchdog Role of the Media
14
Communication & Media Indicators
14
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
13
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
13
Development and Media
12
History of Media & Communication
12
Journalists
12
Press Landscapes
12
Female Journalists & Media Workers
11
Human Rights
11
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
11
Access to Media & Information
10
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
10
Journalism Ethics
10
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
9
Internet
9
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
9
Media Concentration
9
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
9
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
9
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
9
Election Reporting
9
Politics
9
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
8
Audiences & Users
8
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
8
Editorial Independence
8
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
8
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
8
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
8
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
8
Defamation Law & Regulation
8
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
8
Self-Regulation of Media
8
History of the Press
8
Satellite Television
8
Human Rights Violations
8
Media Outlets, Media Associations
8
Advertising
7
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
7
War Reporting
7
Social Media
7
Political Economy of Media
7
History of Media: 20th Century
7
Investigative Journalism
7
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
7
Islam and Communication
7
Civil Society
7
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
6
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
6
Freedom of Expression Principles
6
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
6
State Influence on the Media
6
Conflicts and Media
6
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
6
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
6
Foreign Correspondents
6
Media Development Indicators
6
Radio Landscapes
6
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
6
Public Spheres
6
Taliban
6
Cinema
5
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
5
Crime & Violence Reporting
5
History of Media: 19th Century
5
International Communication
5
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
5
Media & Information Literacy
5
Propaganda
5
Religion and Communication
5
Non-Western Communication Approaches
5
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
4
Community Media
4
Community Radios
4
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
4
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Popular Cultures
4
Economy
4
Local Journalism
4
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
4
Media System Analyses & Typologies
4
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
4
Television Landscapes
4
Television Law & Regulation
4
Public Media, State Media
4
Media Effects
4
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
4
Research in Media & Communication
4
Violence
4
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
4
Catholic Church and Communication
3
Christian Communication
3
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
3
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
3
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
3
Convergence of Media
3
Internet Shutdowns
3
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
3
Information Society
3
Racism in Communication & Media
3
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
3
Media Industries
3
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
3
Press Councils
3
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
3
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
3
Gender & Religious Communication
3
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
3
History of Journalism
3
History of Media: Colonial Period
3
Globalisation of Media
3
World Information and Communication Order
3
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
3
European Union (EU)
3
UNESCO
3
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
3
Business & Economics Journalism
3
Political Reporting
3
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
3
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
3
Press Law & Regulation
3
Radio Law & Regulation
3
Regulatory Bodies
3
Populism
3
Democratization
3
Magazines
3
Muslim Media
3
Society
3
Society & Media, Media Sociology
3
Informatics
3
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
3
SMS
3
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
3
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
2
Government Advertising, State Advertising
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
2
Area & Regional Studies
2
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
2
Catholic Media Organizations
2
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
2
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
2
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
2
Copyright Law
2
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
2
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
Alternative Press
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Traditional Communication
2
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
2
Terrorism
2
Civil Wars
2
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
2
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
2
Development Assistance
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Multimedia Products & Production
2
Blogging, Blogs
2
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
2
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
2
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
2
Media Commercialisation
2
Media Markets
2
Training
2
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
2
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
2
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Women (General)
2
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
2
COVID-19 Communication
2
Colonial Legacies
2
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
2
Foreign Policies
2
Council of Europe
2
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
Legal Status of Journalists
2
News
2
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
2
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Local Communication & Media
2
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
2
Information Policies
2
Civil Rights
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Licensing of Media
2
National Security Legislation
2
Nationalisation of Media
2
Religious Freedom
2
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
2
Refugees / Displaced People
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
2
Government Policies
2
Internal Politics
2
Military
2
Political Transition
2
Public Interest
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Political Communication
2
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
2
Manipulation
2
Religion and Politics
2
Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
2
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
2
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
2
Corruption & Combating Corruption
2
Social Change
2
Telecommunications
2
Telecommunication Infrastructure
2
Al-Jazeera
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Publishing
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Communication Ethics, Catholic Media Ethics
1
Catholic Media
1
Catholic Press
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Orthodox Churches
1
WACC
1
Film Industries
1
Films
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Intellectual Property
1
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
History of Press Freedom & Censorship
1
Right to be Forgotten
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Communication Strategies
1
Public Relations
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
1
Community Television
1
Participatory Communication
1
Genocides
1
International Conflicts
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Wars & Political Violence in Arts & Literature
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Authors, Writers
1
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
1
National Character
1
National Integration
1
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
World Bank
1
Financing Nonprofit Organizations
1
Information For All Programme (IFAP/UNESCO)
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Good Governance
1
North South Relations
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Search Engines
1
Facebook
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Telegram
1
YouTube
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
AI Reporting
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
Information Highway
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Racism
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Economics of Media
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Distribution of Media
1
Game Industries, Game Production
1
Printing Industries
1
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
1
Television Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Adult Education
1
Education (General)
1
Educational Radios
1
Radio Schools
1
Entertainment and Media / Communication
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Morals
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Responsibility
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Health Journalism
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History (General)
1
History of Radio
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Cross-Cultural Analysis
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Foreign Press, Foreign Language Press
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
International Media Associations / Organizations
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
International Relations
1
Dependence
1
Diplomacy
1
International Organizations
1
African Union (AU)
1
OECD
1
Windhoek Declaration on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media (UNESCO, 1991)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Features
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Television News
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Risk Communication
1
Television Journalism
1
Language
1
French Language
1
Language and Media
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
China: Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
1
Communication
1
Communication Networks
1
Communication Processes
1
Communication Systems
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Presentation of Information
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Media Democratization
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Diasporas
1
Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Photography
1
Elections
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Islamization
1
Political Change
1
Political Doctrines
1
Capitalism
1
Socialism
1
Political Movements
1
Political Preferences
1
Political Systems
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Parliaments
1
Centralization
1
Agenda Setting
1
Framing
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Special-Interest Magazines
1
Local Newspapers
1
Periodicals
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Commercial Radios
1
Radio Progreso (El Progreso, Honduras)
1
University Radios
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
1
Media Reception
1
Ideologies
1
Socialization
1
Confucianism
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Hinduism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Jewish Media
1
Analysis
1
Qualitative Analysis
1
Empirical Studies
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Political Indicators
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Apartheid
1
Rohingya
1
Popular Movements
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Aspects
1
Revolutions
1
Social Control
1
Digital Television
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Cable Television
1
Commercial Television
1
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Visual Cultures
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Trail of Violence: Somali Journalists Bear the Brunt of Impunity. Media Freedom Report in 2021
Mogadishu: National Union of Somali Journalists (NUSOJ) (2022), 20 pp.
Press Freedom in 10 African Nations: Citizen Attitudes and Global Rankings
International Communication Gazette, volume 84, issue 1 (2022), pp. 24-43
"Press freedom is said to be a necessary pillar of democracy. As many sub-Saharan African nations move towards creating or strengthening democracies, examining their levels of press freedom may be an important element. This study utilizes public opinion data from 10 nations in the sub-Saharan Africa
...
Promise and peril: In changing media landscape, Africans are concerned about social media but opposed to restricting access
Afrobarometer (2022), 22 pp.
"Radio remains overwhelmingly the most common source for news in Africa. On average across 34 surveyed countries, two-thirds (68%) of respondents tune in at least a few times a week. Digital media use for news is growing quickly. Between 2014/2015 and 2019/2021, the share of Africans who get news fr
...
Guía para la defensa de la libertad de prensa
Lima: Instituto de Defensa Legal (IDL);Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung (2022), 41 pp.
Post-2018 Media Landscape in Ethiopia: A Review
Center for the Advancement of Rights and Democracy (CARD) (2022), v, 46 pp.
"The advancement of digital technologies, political and legal changes, and the growth in the number of journalism schools in Ethiopia have generally contributed to the overall growth of media outlets and media workers. However, there is no comprehensive source of information that shows the impact of
...
The State of Press Freedom in Southern Africa 2020-2021
Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) (2022), 75 pp.
"Privacy is necessary for journalists to communicate freely with sources, receive confidential information, investigate corruption, and guarantee their safety and that of their sources. Therefore, it is worrying that governments and big corporations are working to undermine the right to privacy by a
...
Brief No.1: Media Restrictions and the Implications for Gender Equality in Afghanistan
Kabul: UN Women (2022), 29 pp.
"After nearly 20 years of international investment and successful efforts to build a diverse media landscape and strengthen journalism standards, the Afghan media sector has fundamentally changed for the worse since the Taliban (also referred herein to as the de facto authorities) takeover on 15 Aug
...
Afghanistan's media developments and challenges in the past two decades: A short glance at media freedom
Reality of Politics, issue 19 (2022), pp. 64-77
"Media, during Taliban five years period from 1996–2001, had been totally suffocated. Only limited number of print media would publish to spread the propaganda of Taliban Emirate under Sharia Law. Post-Taliban era, media landscape obtained new image with the establishment of democratic government.
...
Report: State of Media Freedom in Ghana 2022
East Legon: Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2022), 13 pp.
Reset Required? Evaluating the Media Freedom Coalition After its First Two Years
University of East Anglia (UEA);City University of London;University of the Philippines-Diliman (2022), 69 pp.
"The purpose of this report is to evaluate the Media Freedom Coalition (MFC) in its first two years of operation, from 2019 to 2021. The MFC is a partnership of 50 countries working together to advocate for media freedom and the safety of journalists. Our independent report is based on over 100 inte
...
Freedom of Expression: A Myth or Reality? A Case of Pakistani Television Journalists
Journal of Media and Communication Studies, volume 2, issue 2 (2022), pp. 1-16
"This study is aimed at investigating the impact of security threats on the freedom of expression of Pakistani Television (TV) journalists. It has been observed that a growing trend of curtailment of freedom of expression is becoming new normal in the country. One of the significant problems related
...
President Sisi's puppets: TV presenters used to wage war on journalism
Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2022), 26 pp.
Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media
New York: Basic Books (2022), 514 pp.
"In 'Free Speech', Jacob Mchangama traces the long, contested history of a powerful idea, beginning with its origins in the intellectual ferment of classical Athens, where it enabled the development of the world's first democracy. Through captivating stories of defenders of free speech throughout hi
...
Aggravating circumstances? The COVID-19-related situational threats against the press in Portugal
Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, volume 13, issue 3 (2022), pp. 337-357
"This study aims to fill the gap of the practical impediments for journalists properly doing their work during the COVID-19 pandemic over a single country. It is achieved by mapping the situational threats faced by the press in Portugal, as one of the best countries that grant media a free environme
...
Media Environment 2022: Threats and Supportive Instruments in Georgia
Tbilisi: Media and Communication Educational and Research Center "Media Voice" (2022), 76 pp.
"The purpose of this study is to assess the threats and supporting mechanisms present in the Georgian media environment in 2022. Observation of the media environment, similar to the previous year’s research, was based on the evaluation of the participants involved in the research and further compa
...
Free Speech: The Crumbling Infrastructure. SKF Annual Report 2021
Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 34 pp.
Estudio de mercado y audiencias de medios de comunicación en América Central: Informe comparativo
Proyecto VIMES;Free Press Unlimited;A-01 (2022), 60 pp.
"Los medios investigados en este estudio llegan más que todo a una población de mayor poder adquisitivo y niveles académicos que buscan un periodismo serio, investigativo, de calidad. Es una audiencia bastante involucrada con el medio. Le gusta a esa audiencia sentirse parte del medio de comunica
...
The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa
Top Insights
CIPESA (2022), 57 pp.
"This report seeks to serve two purposes. The first is to research and document the state of media freedom and safety of journalists in Africa and to provide specific and evidence-based recommendations to guide policy makers, media development organisations and other media freedom and human rights a
...
The Strategic Bias: How Journalists Respond to Antimedia Populism
International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 27, issue 4 (2022), pp. 808-826
"As populist campaigns against the media become increasingly common around the world, it is ever more urgent to explore how journalists adopt and respond to them. Which strategies have journalists developed to maintain the public's trust, and what may be the implications for democracy? These questio
...
Through the Pandemic: State of the Caribbean Media Report 2022
Georgetown (Guyana): Association of Caribbean Media Workers (2022), 49 pp.
"This edition comes at a time when the Caribbean is in the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic which has severely tested the viability and resilience of a wide variety of national and regional institutions. The media industry has not been spared. We have therefore attempted to capture some main elements
...
