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The Protocol Gap: Brazil

Sérgio Spagnuolo, Ester Borges, Bruno Fiaschetti, Paula Miraglia

Journalism Relay Project; Momentum; International Fund for Public Interest Media (IFPIM) (2026), 12 pp.

"An overwhelming majority of news websites in Brazil have either no AI-scraping policy at all or a very permissive approach. As of November 2025, only 7.2% of Brazilian news websites disallow at least one AI crawler through the use of a robots.txt file, even though most news sites (75%) have a robot ... more

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European AI Competitiveness Beyond Frontier Models: Insights From AI Startups in Five Strategic Markets

Nicole Lemke

Berlin: Interface – Tech Analysis and Policy Ideas for Europe (2026), 37 pp.

"AI development is frequently described as a race for frontier models. But considerable economic value will also be generated by AI development and adoption in existing markets. This data brief examines where EU competitiveness stands in the five applied markets where most of the EU’s AI startup a ... ctivity in our dataset takes place – horizontal enterprise software, healthcare and life sciences, manufacturing and supply chain, finance and insurance, and research and development tools. Drawing on data from Dealroom.co covering 24,468 active AI startups launched between 2012 and 2025 across the EU, Switzerland, the UK, and the U.S., we compare geographic patterns at the level of regions, countries, and cities through original analysis [...] Manufacturing and supply chain is the only market where the EU accounts for a larger share of AI startups than the U.S., though our data likely underestimates the number of U.S. startups in general. This suggests the competitiveness gap across applied AI markets may be even larger than our data indicates [...] AI startup activity in the EU is geographically dispersed: 75 percent of analysed EU AI startups are spread across 95 cities, with no single hub dominating any market. Paris, Berlin, Amsterdam, Munich, and Stockholm are the largest hubs but together account for only a quarter of EU AI startups. EU city rankings across markets largely reflect general AI startup hub sizes rather than genuine market specialisation – but specialised niches do begin to emerge at the local level, e.g. Munich in manufacturing and supply chain and Barcelona in healthcare and life sciences. As our data skews towards larger startup hubs, specialisation patterns in smaller cities and regions may not be fully captured. Our findings have important implications for policymakers. Europe's challenges in AI competitiveness extend well beyond frontier models. The manufacturing and supply chain market, a strategic priority for the European Commission, presents grounds for cautious optimism, where existing industrial strengths align with national and regional specialisation signals based on AI startup activity, especially in Germany and Munich. The geographically distributed startup activity in the EU can support AI adoption across diverse regional economies and existing industrial strengths. At the same time, it raises questions about whether European hubs can achieve the scale and specialisation needed to compete globally. The technological diversity of AI also presents competitive opportunities that go beyond market specialisation alone. Whether the emerging specialisation patterns identified in this analysis develop into globally competitive positions will depend on continued access to growth capital, compute resources, and cross-border market integration." (Executive summary, pages 3-4) more

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Societies at an AI Crossroads: Choices and Value Conflicts

Ignas Kalpokas, Julija Kalpokienė

London; New York: Routledge (2026), 116 pp.

"As contemporary societies undergo profound transformations driven by artificial intelligence and related technologies, a unilinear vision of inevitable ‘progress’ and development increasingly dominates public discourse. This book offers a counterpoint, challenging such deterministic narratives ... more

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Inteligencia artificial y desarrollo humano integral

Grupo de Trabajo de Frontera Tecnológica del Celam

Bogotá: Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano y Caribeño (CELAM) (2026), 86 pp.

" ¿Cómo puede la IA contribuir al desarrollo humano integral y solidario? ¿Cómo podemos hacer uso de los desarrollos tecnológicos de tal modo que contribuyan al bien común, considerando todas las dimensiones de la persona (“desarrollo integral”) y sin excluir a nadie (“desarrollo solidar ... more

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Digital Media Shadowing Democracy: Technology, Communication, and Power

Auksė Balčytienė, Péter Bajomi-Lázár, Helena Sousa (eds.)

Gothenburg: Nordicom, University of Gothenburg (2026), 282 pp.

"The book’s message is brief: Liberal democracies are at risk. Democratic decay has numerous causes, but technological innovations and profit-driven dynamics are shaping societal relations in ways that intensify disagreements and polarisation, undermining informed citizenship. The growing number o ... more

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Intelligence artificielle et emploi en Afrique: Analyse des impacts de la digitalisation du travail

Ibrahim Kalil Konaté, Michel Boukar

Robert Beugré Mambé (preface)

Paris: L'Harmattan (2025), 267 pp.

"Ce livre étudie les effets de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) et de la digitalisation sur l’emploi en Afrique, en usant d’une méthodologie à deux articulations. D’une part, l’analyse des effets directs de l’IA : destruction d’emplois traditionnels dans des secteurs-clés (agricult ... more

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Artificial Humanities: A Fictional Perspective on Language in AI

Nina Beguš

Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (2025), 283 pp.

"Artificial Humanities explores how the humanities-literature, history, and art-can deepen our understanding of artificial intelligence and its development. By examining fictional representations of AI in parallel with actual technological developments, Nina Beguš presents a novel interdisciplinary ... more

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AI and Data Science Bootcamp for Women and Minoritised Groups: Impact Report

Luisa Olaya, Deshni Govender, Abeera Dubey, Jocelyn Mukamisha, Mary Seiwah

Bonn; Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ); FAIR Forward; Intel (2025), vii, 35 pp.

"The AI and Data Science Bootcamp for Women and Minoritised Groups was designed to actively address the diversity gap in the AI field by lowering the entry barriers that women and minoritised groups face and empowering them with advanced technical and personal development skills to succeed in the AI ... more

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Atlas der KI: Die materielle Wahrheit hinter den neuen Datenimperien

Kate Crawford

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2025), 336 pp.

"Ist Künstliche Intelligenz nur eine weitere Entwicklung der Digitalisierung des Alltags, eine effiziente Software in einer „Cloud“? Die KI-Forscherin Kate Crawford entlarvt diese verharmlosende Vorstellung und beleuchtet die konkreten Auswirkungen der Technologie auf die physische Welt. Ihre R ... more

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The Influence Evolution: Harnessing AI Innovation While Preserving Human Connection in Social Media

Katja Muñoz, Maria Pericàs Riera

German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP) (2025), 10 pp.

"Social media stands at a pivotal juncture where technology and humanity converge. From productivity tools to fully autonomous AI agents, we are witnessing a fundamental shift in how content is created, distributed, and consumed. This evolution presents dual futures: one in which AI influencers and ... more

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L'uomo è un algoritmo? Il senso dell'umano e l'intelligenza artificiale

Paolo Benanti

Castelvecchi (2025), 60 pp.

"Il mito di Ulisse ci insegna che la ricerca umana di senso è guidata dall’intelligenza, nelle sue due declinazioni: νοῦς e μῆτις, intuizione e pratica. Dalla sinergia di queste facoltà sono nate le grandi invenzioni che segnano la nostra specie, a partire dalla «grande invenzione de ... more

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The State of AI in Africa Report

Nairobi: Strathmore University, Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Technology Law (CIPIT) (2025), 67 pp.

"The State of AI in Africa Report 2025 offers a critical reflection on how AI ecosystems across the continent have evolved since 2023, highlighting advances in infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, capacity building, and sectoral innovation, while also surfacing enduring structural disparities. Thi ... s report reveals a continent that is no longer on the margins of AI development but actively reshaping how AI is conceived, deployed, and governed. Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria and Ghana have made notable strides in anchoring AI within national digital strategies, strengthening local innovation ecosystems, and investing in foundational infrastructure such as data centres and broadband connectivity. The growing presence of indigenous datasets, grassroots NLP initiatives, and AI models tailored to African realities reflects a broader shift from consumption to creation. Yet this progress remains uneven. While pockets of excellence are emerging, many regions continue to grapple with limited access to reliable electricity, fragmented regulation, data governance challenges, and critical skill shortages. Central Africa, in particular, still faces infrastructural and institutional constraints that hinder meaningful participation in the continental AI space. This report also documents how AI is being embedded in key sectors; agriculture, health, law, and the creative economy to address uniquely African challenges – from crop failure and disease surveillance to language preservation and cultural expression. These use cases affirm the value of locally informed, contextsensitive AI innovation. On the governance front, the adoption of the AU-AI Continental Strategy and the development of national AI policies signal a growing awareness of the need for harmonised, responsible and inclusive AI development. However, effective implementation remains a central concern, particularly around enforcement mechanisms, ethical guardrails, and regional coordination. This report presents a nuanced picture of AI in Africa: one of ambitious experimentation, uneven capacity, and deep potential. Africa’s future in AI depends not only on technological advancement but on the continent’s ability to embed equity, local relevance, and sustainability at the heart of its AI agenda." (Executive summary) more

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Inclusive and Secure Artificial Intelligence: A Global Perspective on Policy and Technical Developments
Deep Insights

Saiph Savage, Lili Savage

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2025), 84 pp.

"As AI systems are developed and deployed, they often reflect and reinforce dominant cultural norms, marginalizing non-Western languages, epistemologies, and communities. This report explores the systemic risks associated with algorithmic bias, digital colonialism, and cultural homogenization, while ... more

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An Autonomy-Based Classification: AI Agents, Liability and Lessons from the Automated Vehicles Act

Lisa Soder, Julia Smakman, Connor Dunlop, Oliver Sussman

Berlin: Interface; Ada Lovelace Institute (2025), 28 pp.

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AI for Good Innovate for Impact. Interim Report 2025

Geneva: ITU (2025), xxxiv, 828 pp.

"Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the way we address complex societal challenges, offering new possibilities in areas such as healthcare, climate resilience, education, and digital inclusion. The Innovate for Impact project was launched in 2024 to identify, support, and showcase practical A ... more

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Measuring what matters: How to assess AI’s environmental impact

Geneva: ITU (2025), viii, 21 pp.

This report synthesizes key findings from a diverse range of sources, including academic literature, corporate sustainability initiatives, and emerging environmental tracking tools. Collectively, these documents provide a thorough overview of current methodologies for evaluating the environmental im ... more

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Artificial Intelligence and Evaluation: Emerging Technologies and Their Implications for Evaluation

Steffen Bohni Nielsen, Francesco Mazzeo Rinaldi, Gustav Jakob Petersson (eds.)

Oxford: Routledge (2025), 330 pp.

"Artificial Intelligence and Evaluation: Emerging Technologies and Their Implications for Evaluation is a groundbreaking exploration of how the landscape of program evaluation will be redefined by artificial intelligence and other emerging digital technologies. In an era where digital technologies a ... more

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How Do You Explain ChatGPT to a Community Health Worker?

Wayan Vota

ICTworks, December 2 (2025)

"I’ve been diving deep into groundbreaking research on community health worker (CHW) perceptions of AI applications in rural India. The truth is more complex than the rosy predictions flooding our sector about artificial intelligence transforming global health. The findings expose a troubling gap ... more

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AI in Africa: A Landscape Study

Rachel Adams, Fola Adeleke, Leah Junck, Samule Segun, Ayantola Alayande, Selamawit Abdella, Mark Gaffley, Fabio Andres Diaz Pabon, Funbi Salami

Global Center on AI Governance; African Observatory on Responsible AI (2025), 44 pp.

"Though comprehensive AI regulation is still nascent in Africa, there is an increased focus on national AI strategies, ethical guidelines and international collaborations. Over 40 countries have already established data protection and privacy laws, creating opportunities for harmonised regulations a ... nd a supportive environment for AI innovation. Key continental governance instruments and initiatives also include the African Union’s AI Strategy, the African Continental Free Trade Area and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. This report found that the increasing application of AI in key sectors across Africa, such as health, education, finance, agriculture, public services and the environment, necessitates a collaborative approach to ethical AI development and use. This requires addressing persistent infrastructural gaps, developing regional regulatory frameworks, investments in AI research and capacity building efforts as well as promoting multi-stakeholder AI governance initiatives. Key strategies identified include joint investment and funding, pooling resources and supporting sustainable and fair open-source projects, which will help direct efforts toward innovation and regional independence. Open Source AI models are particularly important in Africa where local tech startups can leverage global open-source initiatives to build context-specific solutions. However, concerns regarding data ownership, privacy and ethical AI deployment call for more robust policies for open source AI on the continent. To foster responsible AI innovation, African countries should establish comprehensive AI governance frameworks while adhering to existing laws as well as strengthen regulatory institutions to provide oversight over AI technologies. Regulatory sandboxing also offers a viable approach to enable sage experimentation with appropriate oversight. Regional and international cooperation as well as leveraging public-private partnerships can promote funding for expanding AI research and development initiatives, resolve talent shortages and promote infrastructure development. Africa has a unique opportunity to leverage AI, along with its resources and local young talent, for socioeconomic development. However, to ensure inclusivity and sustainable innovation, it is essential to address infrastructure challenges and establish regulatory frameworks that protect societal wellbeing. Embracing collaborative efforts, including open source initiatives, regional and international partnerships are critical for achieving the continent’s ambitious goals without leaving anyone behind." (Executive Summaty, page 3) more

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Investigating AI datasets: A journalist's guide

Kathleen Siminyu, Christo Buschek

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2025)

"Algorithms today are more complex than ever. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), they have become increasingly unexplainable and non-deterministic. Even experts often fail to understand why an algorithm yields a particular outcome. It is through the datasets used to train those algorithm ... more

Inclusive and Secure Artificial Intelligence: A Global Perspective on Policy and Technical Developments Deep Insights

Inclusive and Secure Artificial Intelligence: A Global Perspective on Policy and Technical Developments
Deep Insights