"Mankekar is concerned with the charges made against the Western media by the Third World and, likewise, the reaction of Western journalists to their concept of a new information order for developing countries. Combing data and evidence from diverse sources he has analyzed the anatomy and function o
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f international news media to test the validity of the Third World's accusations and has traced the Third World's struggle in the United Nations, UNESCO and their own councils to rid themselves of what they consider the hold of world news monopoly by the four international news agencies. The potentialities of modern electronic media in bringing this about are also examined, and there is a chapter on the Third World news pool. Appendixes include a discussion of "News Agencies in the World" and a short bibliography." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 264)
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"Cees Hamelink, a prolific analyst of international communication with emphasis on developing nations, makes a case that capitalism as practiced by developed nations thwarts effective communication in the Third World. Hamelink's thesis in 'The Corporate Village', international communication, far fro
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m turning the world into McLuhan's "global village," has instead created a oneway flow of culture, a communication imperialism of political-economic structures dominated by capitalistic nations. Documenting corporate interests and concentration of the transnationals as they affect the Third World, he shows the cultural dependency this has caused. He concludes with a discussion of the signs of cultural rcsistance and an exploration of countervailing power of national governments, the UN, labor unions, churches, universities/research institutes, and action groups. Parts of the book consist of excerpts from other works by various authors, including among others Armand Mattelart, Herbert Schiller, Oliver Boyd-Barrett, Thomas H. Guback, and Tapio Varis." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 172)
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"In Communication and Cultural Domination Schiller is concerned with the "sources, character, and contents of the communication stream that passes between nations and on the flow that is generated inside national states. " Here again he feels the "haves" tend to influence and sometimes dominate the
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"have nots." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 383)
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"The most striking impression is the fact that little research exists. Our review touched studies and discussions of many kinds, all with some relation to the central question, "What are the effects of cross-cultural broadcasting?" Much of what we found is based on fear or undue optimism. The lack o
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f studies firmly rooted in data: this is the overriding fact about this inquiry. While the image of cross-cultural broadcasting may be one of the ''cultural'' interchange, the reality is that of the marketplace. Commercial values are the rule; non-commercial broadcasting is not a major competitor to commercial programming. Programmes intended for any type of social improvement are rare. If they exist at all, they can be found on radio much more than on television or in films. General entertainment programming has a definite social value, but most observers would hope for programming more explicitly geared to the social needs of their diverse audiences. Furthermore, imported entertainment programmes produced for foreign audiences penetrate the host culture in ways that are not understood. Lack of understanding generates uneasiness and fear." (Implications of this report, 40)
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"The authors analyze Disney's comic "to reveal the scowl of capitalist ideology behind the laughing mask, the iron fist beneath the Mouse's glove." This has become a classic in Third World countries, especially in Latin America, where it is regarded as a touchstone for the interpretation of American
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media. The authors have included a lengthy bibliography of additional Marxist studies on the two principal themes they treat in Donald Duck - cultural imperialism and the comic book." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 110)
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"One of Marshall McLuhan's outstanding contributions has been to bring into prominence the works of the late Canadian economist, Harold Innis, whose early insights into the importance of media to economics and culture have become increasingly pertinent. His thesis is that the communications systems
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of empires have influenced their rise and fall. In 'Empire and Communication' he discusses the possibility, with emphasis on economics, that communication may occupy a crucial position in the organization and administration of government and in turn of empires and of Western civilization." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 203)
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"L'auteur fait ici le procès de l'information au niveau mondial, montrant l'inégalité du pouvoir d'information dans le monde: au lieu d'aboutir à un dialogue constructif, l'information n'est souvent, en fait, que l'instrument de conflits à inégalités de forces où les plus puissants gagnent l
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a partie." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 289, topic code 070)
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