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Inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa: Multidimensional Perspectives and Future Challenges

Anda David, Murray Leibbrandt, Vimal Ranchhod, Rawane Yasser (eds.)

Washington, DC: World Bank;Agence Française de Développement (AFD) (2025), xxxvii, 253 pp.

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Connected Resilience: Gendered Experiences of Meaningful Connectivity through a Global Pandemic

Ingrid Brudvig, Sonia Jorge, Margaret Nyambura Ndung’u

Global Digital Inclusion Partnership (2024), 57 pp.

"Looking at patterns between those with meaningful connectivity — defined as having daily internet use with 4G-like speeds, owning a smartphone, and an unlimited access point at home, work, or a place of study — and those with just basic or no internet access at all, we saw key distinctions betw ... een women based on geography and education in our study sample which impacted their experiences of the internet. Across our six survey countries [Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ghana, Mozambique, South Africa, Uganda], women with a tertiary education were nearly twice as likely to be meaningfully connected compared to their peers with less education. Women living in rural areas were three times more likely to lack internet access than their urban-dwelling peers, while women living in cities were over 50% more likely to have meaningful connectivity. Meaningful connectivity enabled women around the world to learn, earn, access government and financial services, and connect with family and communities, thereby also saving essential time and money in transport costs. Women’s educational level and having meaningful connectivity are the strongest predictors of finding information online or participating in the digital economy. Women int erviewed in underserved localities — such as remote villaes in India and impoverished urban settlements in Nigeria — reported restricted digital access due to: lack of infrastructure (such as mobile towers); high cost of devices and data services; income-generating activities and unpaid care work leave little to no time available to access connectivity or digital skills educational initiatives; dependency on men in their family to use devices [...] We propose four tiers of achievable solutions — and call attention to policymakers, investors, and the ICT sector at large to fast-track meaningful connectivity and inclusive digital development for all: 1. Deep investments that use substantial resourcing to make profound changes in a specific policy area or for a specific community. Universal Service and Access Funds (USAFs) represent a key mechanism across the majority world for deep investment strategies. When well executed, they provide clear interventions with measurable changes in the lives of affected communities. 2. Grand visions that combine years of effort with substantial funding resources to revolutionize the status quo. National broadband plans and other key strategy documents — when appropriately supported and resourced through implementation stages — represent a core example of grand visions within this space. 3. Easy wins that are comparatively discreet and specific changes that can still create tangible value at their scale. Gender data — collecting it, creating it, analyzing it, and using it — is a critical component to several easy wins that have been implemented in recent years. Policymakers can start from this level of research and measurement to make clear steps in the right direction. 4. Scalable systems that represent large, programmatic change in the pre-existing ways of working. Multistakeholder approaches and gender targets can provide the foundation for long-term, ongoing processes that scale progress towards closing the gender digital divide. By using policy and regulation to create mechanisms and procedures that consider digital inclusion, policymakers can build habits and routines that gradually and consistently change the course of history." (Executive summary, pages 2-4) more

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Systematic Prejudices: An Investigation into Bias Against Women and Girls in Large Language Models

Noah Siegel, Jackie Kay

Paris: UNESCO (2024), 20 pp.

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Égalité de genre dans la politique numérique au Burundi

Mario Filadoro (red.)

Geneva: ITU (2023), v, 32 pp.

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Gender and Platform Work: Beyond Technosolutionism

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 47 pp.

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Newsroom Representation and Discrimination Against Female Journalists in Ghana

Rainbow Sackey, Abraham Atobrah Asiamah, Lisa Agyinor Forson Aboagye

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 297-318

"In journalism, there are still growing concerns about the ratio of men to women, even though women's presence in the newsroom have increased progressively. The issues of gender stereotyping and discrimination against women have emerged over time and still remain an issue of great concern. In view o ... more

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What we know about the gender digital divide for girls: A literature review

Alexandra Tyers-Chowdhury, gerda Binder

UNICEF (2021), 22 pp.

"What do we know about the gender digital divide for girls? To date, there is little research on gender differences in digital access for children under the age of 18. These disparities in usage limit women’s access to the full range of opportunities offered by digital. However, the limited data a ... more

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Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men

Caroline Criado-Perez

London: Vintage (2020), xv, 411 pp.

"Invisible Women shows us how, in a world largely built for and by men, we are systematically ignoring half the population. It exposes the gender data gap - a gap in our knowledge that is at the root of perpetual, systemic discrimination against women, and that has created a pervasive but invisible ... more

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Promoting Freedom of Religion or Belief and Gender Equality in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals: A Focus on Access to Justice, Education and Health. Reflections from the 2019 Expert Consultation Process

Marie Juul Petersen

Copenhagen: Danish Institute for Human Rights (2020), 107 pp.

"Rights related to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and gender equality are often seen to be in contradiction with one another. Underlying this (mis) perception of a normative clash between the two is very often an understanding of FoRB as a right that protects religion – and often conservativ ... more

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Leveraging Big Data to Advance Gender Equality

Ahmed Nauraiz Rana

Washington, DC: International Finance Corporation (IFC) (2020), 7 pp.

"Gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls, one of the Sustainable Development Goals, is a highly complex and challenging undertaking. We must address multiple issues—discrimination, violence, education, employment, economic resources, and technology—and work across economic sectors ... more

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The Language of Discrimination

Karen Stollznow

München: Lincom (2017), 412 pp.

"Language is one of the main ways that discrimination is enacted. In the discourse of discrimination there is a set of key words that denote the processes of prejudice. This book discusses the lexical semantics of this field of words and how, as a cognitive process, they underlie insults, hate speec ... more

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Mexico: Structural Challenges for Women in News Media

Aimée Vega Montiel, Patricia Ramírez Ortega

In: The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism

Carolyn M. Byerly (eds.)

Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2016), pp. 284-300

"This chapter will analyze women’s access to and participation in Mexico’s news media. At the intersections of feminism and the political economy of communication, we will put into context the findings for Mexico in the Global Report on the Status of Women in the News Media (Global Report) (Byer ... more

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Block Her Entry, Keep Her Down and Push Her Out: Gender Discrimination and Women Journalists in the Arab World

Jad P. Melki, Sarah E. Mallat

Journalism Studies, volume 17, issue 1 (2016), pp. 57-79

"This study examines why female journalists in an Arab country continue to be marginalized. It hypothesized that a set of interrelated factors, pertaining to gender discrimination, sexual harassment, and the lack of a legally and socially enabling environment, work together to systematically discour ... more

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The long-run poverty and gender impacts of mobile money

Tavneet Suri, William Jack

Science, volume 354, issue 6317 (2016), pp. 1288-1292

"Mobile money, a service that allows monetary value to be stored on a mobile phone and sent to other users via text messages, has been adopted by the vast majority of Kenyan households. We estimate that access to the Kenyan mobile money system M-PESA increased per capita consumption levels and lifte ... more

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Allah & Eva: Frauen in Pakistan

Betsy Udink

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2007), 233 pp.

"Islamische Gesellschaften haben zwei Gesichter: Nach außen führen die Menschen ein freies und normales Leben. Aber unsichtbar, in den von den Vätern beherrschten Häusern, in den von religiösen Fanatikern kontrollierten Dörfern und in den Gefängnissen der staatlichen Geheimdienste, werden die ... more

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Women, Media and Violence: A WACC Women's Programme Production

London: World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) (2001), 34 pp.

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Abuse of Women in the Media

Penang (MY): Consumers' Association of Penang (1982), 85 pp.

"This booklet contends that the lifestyle of women in the Third World, including Malaysia, has been influenced by the Western media which represent "the interests and values of an alien and dominant culture" and project a Western brand of consumption which is discriminatory, oppressive and male-orie ... more