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Who Makes the News? Progress on a Plateau. Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) Special Edition: 30-year Findings on Change in Gender Equality In and Through the World News Media
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Sarah Macharia, Maximiliano Dueñas Guzmán, Rodrigo Molina et al.

Toronto: World Association of Christian Communication (WACC); Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) (2025), 123 pp.

"This report presents the findings of the seventh iteration of the Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) global snapshot, based on 30,049 news articles containing 58,563 people and 26,708 news personnel in 94 countries on the 7th global monitoring day, May 6, 2025. Key Findings: 1. Thirty years a ... go, the report of the first GMMP called for a shift in coverage beyond the male-dominated realms of political and economic power. Not only has the hierarchy of “hard news” in legacy media persisted across time, it has also crossed over into digital outlets. 2. Digitalization did not bring a radical break from the patriarchal norms of traditional journalism. Instead, it continues to reinforce and amplify a news hierarchy that privileges spheres and issues centred on power, namely, those dominated by men. The challenge is threefold. First, to dismantle the “hard news” bias, second, to integrate more intentionally spaces and issues of greater concern to women, and third, to enable visibility and voice to women present in traditionally male-dominated spaces. 3. After a period of slow but steady improvement, progress toward gender parity in the news has flatlined since around 2010, failing to reach 50% in any media type. Thirty years after Beijing, women are 26% of those seen, heard, or spoken about in legacy news (29% on news websites). The needle has shifted 9 points in legacy media since 1995, and 4 points in online news during the past 10 years. Minority groups are five points more likely to be present in digital news than in legacy media. The probability of minority women being featured in the news as the main protagonists or as interviewees is two in a hundred in traditional media (3% for men) and 4% on news websites (5% for men). 4. Women’s visibility in political and economic news beats has increased significantly – by 15 points each – over the past three decades. The severe underrepresentation noted in 1995 (7% in political news, 10% in economic news) has improved. Women’s presence in sports news is abysmal, at only 15% of news subjects and sources. 5. The proportion of women providing expert testimony has grown remarkably over the decades, showing the highest increase (+7 points) in digital news since 2015. In legacy media, the gender gap in authoritative roles as experts and spokespersons has closed at a slower pace than for persons providing testimony based on popular opinion and personal experience – ordinary roles that require no specialized knowledge. 6. Patterns of gender-biased portrayal endure despite decades of change in women’s roles in the real world. Women have remained about twice as likely as men to be portrayed as victims since 2010. Historically, women were most often portrayed as victims of accidents or poverty. This pattern was overturned in 2025, with “other crime” and “domestic violence” (by intimate partners and family members) becoming the top victim categories. Women depicted as survivors in legacy media were most likely to have survived “accidents, natural disasters, poverty, and disease” in previous GMMP studies. In 2025, they are most frequently portrayed as domestic violence survivors in equal proportion to accident/disaster survivors. The over-representation of women as homemakers/parents decreased from 81% in 2000 to 73% in 2025, indicating some progress, albeit a persistent journalistic bias toward defining women by domestic roles, despite women’s current unprecedented engagement in work outside the home. Underrepresentation in occupations and in positions of power has remained consistent. The tendency to describe women by their age and physical attributes has also persisted. They have been photographed more often than men (a 7–9-point difference) over the past two decades, with qualitative analysis continuing to show patterns of sexualised portrayal [...]" (Key findings, pages 2-3) more

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Who Makes the News? 6th Global Media Monitoring Project

Sarah Macharia (ed.)

Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP); World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) (2021), v, 157 pp.

"At the global average level, mainstream news media are currently at the midway point to gender parity in subjects and sources. Between 2015 and 2020, the needle edged one point forward to 25% in the proportion of subjects and sources who are women. The single point improvement is the first since 20 ... more

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Handbook on Working Towards Gender Equality in the Media
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Greta Gober

International Association of Women in Radio and Television (IAWRT), 2nd ed. (2019), 110 pp.

"The Handbook showcases IAWRT members’ experiences and best practices for working towards advancing gender equality in and on the media in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, India and Uganda." (Publisher description)

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Media Across the African Diaspora: Content, Audiences, and Global Influence

Omotayo O. Banjo (ed.)

New York; London: Routledge (2018), xiii, 267 pp.

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El mundo árabo-islámico como ellas nos lo contaron: Las periodistas de TVE en Oriente Medio y Norte de África. Cuatro décadas de mujer e información

Carmen V. Valiña

Madrid: Clave Intelectual (2016), 264 pp.

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No Women, no Peace: Media's Role in the Women, Peace and Security Agenda

Malin Palm, Laura Gil (eds.)

International Media Support (IMS) (2025), 43 pp.

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Latin American History Goes to the Movies: Understanding Latin America's Past through Film
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Stewart Brewer

London: Routledge, 2nd ed. (2024), xiii, 264 pp.

"This new edition of Latin American History Goes to the Movies uses a variety of feature films as a method of studying key historical themes in Latin America, from pre-Columbian cultures to contemporary debates. The book provides historical context as a way of interpreting Latin American filmography ... more

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Ni sumisas, ni sufridas: Representación de mujer y relaciones de pareja. Casos: Traicionada, legado de amor y Luz de Luna

Fernando Palomino et al.

Lima: Calandria (2024), 133 pp.

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The Oxford Handbook of Digital Religion
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Heidi Campbell, Pauline Hope Cheong (eds.)

New York: Oxford University Press (2024), xiii, 661 pp.

"Digital Religion refers to the contemporary practice and understanding that religion takes place in both online and offline contexts, and how these contexts intersect with each other. Scholars in this growing field of Digital Religion studies recognize that religion has been influenced by its engag ... more

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Laboratorio de medios: Alertas mediáticas 2023

Lima: Observatorio de Medios; Calandria; Consejo Consultivo de Radio y Televisión (CONCORTV) (2024), 112 pp.

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Representations of motherhood in the media: A systematic literature review

Sophie M. Mary, Robbie Duschinsky, Louise Davis, Susan Dunnett, Barry Coughlan

Information, Communication & Society (2024), 18 pp.

"We undertook a systematic review to understand (i) how motherhood is represented across different media, (ii) how the modalities of media domains influence the motherhood representations that they offer, (iii) the gaps in recent research on the subject. We searched 7 databases for all studies inves ... more

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Bilder nationaler Zugehörigkeit: Muslimische Frauen und »akzeptable Differenz« in Deutschschweizer Mediendiskursen

Mirjam Aeschbach

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2024), 328 pp.

"Nationen basieren auf Ein- und Ausschlussmechanismen, die in öffentlichen Mediendiskursen ausgehandelt werden. Im heutigen Europa sind Referenzen zu Religion und spezifisch zum Islam bei der Verhandlung nationaler Zugehörigkeit zentral. Bisherige Analysen öffentlicher Debatten zum Islam in Europ ... more

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25 herramientas para abordar los mitos y estereotipos de género: Guía para comunicar y educar sobre género en el espacio público, aula y medios

Natalia Palomino

Lima: Calandria (2024), 128 pp.

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Women and Hijras in Bangladeshi News Media

Qurratul-Ain Tahmina, A. K. M. Atikuzzaman et al.

Dhaka: Management and Resources Development Initiative (MRDI); Fojo Media Institute (2023), 256 pp.

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Women in Media: Serbia Survey

Tamara Skrozza, Miodrag Mrkšic, Katarina Tomovic

London: Peaceful Change Initiative (2023), 29 pp.

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Women in Media: Kosovo Survey

Dafina Halili, Dion Krasniqi, Gentiana Sylejmani

London: Peaceful Change Initiative (2023), 31 pp.

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Continued neglect of women: An analysis of media’s representation of women as sources in top 10 trending topics of January to June, 2023

Lister Namumba

Media Monitoring Africa (2023), 9 pp.

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Gender Equality and Media Regulation Study: Bangladesh

Qurratul Ain Tahmina et al.

Dhaka: Management and Resources Development Initiative (MRDI); Fojo Media Institute, 2nd ed. (2023), 108 pp.

"The study finds that provisions for gender equality and sensitivity in media regulations and national policies have two distinct features. The earlier provisions were concerned more about decency, obscenity and other such issues mainly from a moralistic perspective. The main concerns seemed to have ... more

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Mujer, diversidad y cine en Colombia: Perspectivas de género e imágenes de la mujer en el siglo XXI

Karol Valderrama Burgos

Bogotá: Editorial Universidad del Rosario (2023), xv, 381 pp.

"La representación de la mujer en el cine de Colombia ha tendido a estar asociada a nociones de sumisión, victimización o sexualización, sugiriendo una cierta uniformidad, invisibilidad y repetición acerca de su existencia social y cinematográfica. A pesar de esta complejidad cultural e histó ... more

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El discurso del odio en los medios de Ecuador: Percepciones y soluciones

Ángel Torres-Toukoumidis, Andrea De Santis, Diego Vintimilla (coord.)

Quito: Abya-Yala; Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (2023), 110 pp.

"En un mundo globalizado donde la información fluye, los medios de comunicación tienen un papel esencial en moldear opiniones y actitudes. En El discurso de odio en los medios de Ecuador: percepciones y soluciones, estudiantes del sexto ciclo de Comunicación en la Universidad Politécnica Salesia ... more

Who Makes the News? Progress on a Plateau. Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) Special Edition: 30-year Findings on Change in Gender Equality In and Through the World News Media Top Insights

Handbook on Working Towards Gender Equality in the Media Top Insights

Latin American History Goes to the Movies: Understanding Latin America's Past through Film Top Insights

The Oxford Handbook of Digital Religion Top Insights

Who Makes the News? Progress on a Plateau. Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) Special Edition: 30-year Findings on Change in Gender Equality In and Through the World News Media
Top Insights

Handbook on Working Towards Gender Equality in the Media
Top Insights

Latin American History Goes to the Movies: Understanding Latin America's Past through Film
Top Insights

The Oxford Handbook of Digital Religion
Top Insights