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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
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Ain't no Game: Antisemitism in Gaming and on Social Media
ELNET Deutschland; Combat Antisemitism Movement (2024), 5 pp.
"Antisemitism Surges Online: Antisemitic content on platforms like X spiked by 919 percent following the October 7 Hamas attacks, spreading hate that deeply affects Jewish users, especially the young. Enhanced moderation systems combining AI and human oversight, along with stricter regulations, are
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Unpacking Affective Polarization in Afghanistan: Ethnic Politics, Elite Competition, and Online Divisive Content
Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2024), 25 pp.
"Affective polarization has been a persistent feature of Afghanistan’s society and politics in the past decades. However, with the instantaneous collapse of the republic’s government and the return of the Taliban, the country has witnessed heightened affective polarization along ethnic and ideol
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Code & Vorurteil: Über Künstliche Intelligenz, Rassismus und Antisemitismus
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2024), 231 pp.
"Was bedeutet die zunehmende Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz für die Demokratie, für Offenheit und Vielfalt in der Gesellschaft? Wie gerecht entscheiden Algorithmen? Vielfach zeigt sich, dass KI-Anwendungen strukturelle Ungleichheit und bestehende Diskriminierungsmuster reproduzieren können. Den
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Hate Speech FORSA-Studie 2024: Zentrale Untersuchungsergebnisse
Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (2024), 24 pp.
Legal Challenges and Political Strategies in the Post-Truth Era: Online Hate Speech Trilogy - vol II
Covilhã; Cali: LABCOM; Editorial Universidad Icesi (2024), 186 pp.
Exposure to Online Hateful Content and Users’ Engagement: A Silencing Effect
International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 5629-5651
"Although there has been recent interest in the effects of exposure to online hate speech targeting ethnic minority groups, there are some underexplored areas. In a context dominated by debates over free and hateful speech across social media platforms, it has never been more pertinent to investigat
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Social Media Platforms and Challenges for Democracy, Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights
Brussels: European Parliament, Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs (2023), 151 pp.
"This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, examines risks that contemporary social media - focusing in particular on the most widely-used platforms - present for democracy, the rul
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Hate speech FORSA-Studie 2023: Zentrale Untersuchungsergebnisse
Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (2023), 14 pp.
Online Hate Speech Expressions in Local Languages in Indonesia
Wendratama, Engelbertus: PR2Media (2023), vi; 49 pp.
WhatsApp 360: A Look into the WhatsApp News Ecosystem in Lebanon Focusing on Misinformation and Hate Speech
Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2023), 39 pp.
"1. Expansive reach and influence of WhatsApp groups: The study findings indicate that WhatsApp groups have a remarkably wide reach, potentially connecting with three quarters of WhatsApp users in Lebanon. These groups are part of larger networks, which enhances the dissemination of content. Moreove
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Challenges and Perspectives of Hate Speech Research
Deep Insights
Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Media and Communication Studies (2023), 482 pp.
"This book is the result of a conference that could not take place. It is a collection of 26 texts that address and discuss the latest developments in international hate speech research from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives. This includes case studies from Brazil, Lebanon, Poland, Nigeria,
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Social Media 4 Peace: Local Lessons for Global Practices
Paris: UNESCO (2023), 69 pp.
"The three countries [Bosnia and Herzegovina, Indonesia, and Kenya] provide evidence of online hate speech and disinformation affecting human rights offline. The evidence is not comprehensive yet clear enough to raise serious concerns. Online gender-based violence is also reported as critical in the
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El discurso del odio en los medios de Ecuador: Percepciones y soluciones
Quito: Abya-Yala; Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (2023), 110 pp.
"En un mundo globalizado donde la información fluye, los medios de comunicación tienen un papel esencial en moldear opiniones y actitudes. En El discurso de odio en los medios de Ecuador: percepciones y soluciones, estudiantes del sexto ciclo de Comunicación en la Universidad Politécnica Salesia
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Safer TikTok: Strategien im Umgang mit Antisemitismus und Hassrede auf TikTok
Frankfurt am Main: Bildungsstätte Anne Frank (2023), 53 pp.
"Verschwörungstheoretiker*innen, Antisemit*innen und Rassist*innen haben sich ein Standbein auf TikTok gebaut – das berichten Expert*innen und bildungspolitische Akteur*innen immer wieder. Besonders in Krisenzeiten hat diese Art Content Konjunktur – so etwa während der Corona-Pandamie oder der
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Deciphering Digital Hate: Assessing the Evidence between Online Speech and Offline Violence in Africa
Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 13, issue 2 (2023), 25 pp.
"From Ethiopia to Sudan, there has been significant concern about the role of hate speech and incitement on social media to promote offline violence and, at its most extreme, genocide. These questions have become more urgent with the growth of large language models and Artificial Intelli-gence that
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Hate Speech on Social Media: A Global Approach
Covilhã (PO); Qutio (EC): LabCom; University of Beira Interior; PUCE Publications Centre (2023), 302 pp.
"Hate speech is more complex and diverse on social media. It spreads at high speed and can impact behaviors beyond the borders where it originates. Hate is ubiquitous, interactive, and multimedia. It is available 24/7, reaching a much larger audience. On social media, haters can be anonymous and fin
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Platform Problems and Regulatory Solutions: Findings from a Comprehensive Review of Existing Studies and Investigations
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO; Research ICT Africa (2023), 17 pp.
"The proliferation of hate speech and disinformation on online platforms has serious implications for human rights, trust and safety as per international human rights law and standards. The mutually-reinforcing determinants of the problems are: ‘attention economics’; automated advertising system
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Addressing hate speech through education: A guide for policy-makers
Paris: UNESCO (2023), 68 pp.
"This guide for policy-makers developed by the United Nations’ Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect (OSAPG) and UNESCO provides specific strategies and approaches to address hate speech within and through education. Countering harmful, discriminatory and violent narrativ
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