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Advancing Infodemic Management in Risk Communication and Community Engagement in the WHO European Region: Implementation Guidance

Copenhagen: World Health Organization (WHO) (2022), vi, 65 pp.

"This guidance is based on the latest evidence and practical experience with IM in the WHO European Region and is designed to provide stakeholders with operational support for IM preparedness, readiness and response in public health emergencies. The intended readership is mainly response authorities ... more

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Toolkit for Tackling Misinformation on Noncommunicable Diseases

Francisco Goiana da Silva, João Marecos, Francisco de Abreu Duarte

Copenhagen: World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe (2022), ix, 93 pp.

"In the first part, Understanding the problem, the Toolkit provides an overview of the health misinformation landscape, particularly in relation to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and expands on the roles of gatekeepers and sources before describing the problem as multilayered and requiring compreh ... more

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Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review

Ingjerd Skafle, Anders Nordahl-Hansen, Daniel S. Quintana, Rolf Wynn, Elia Gabarron

Journal of Medical Internet Research, volume 24, issue 8: e37367 (2022), 20 pp.

"We aimed to synthesize the existing research on misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines spread on social media platforms and its effects. The secondary aim was to gain insight and gather knowledge about whether misinformation about autism and COVID-19 vaccines is being spread on social media platfor ... more

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Misinformation, infighting, backlash, and an ‘endless’ recovery: Policymakers recount challenges and mitigating measures after a vaccine scare in the Philippines

Mark Donald C. Reñosa et al.

Global Health Action, volume 15, issue 2077536 (2022), 14 pp.

"This study aims to explore the perspectives of policymakers involved in ongoing efforts to boost vaccine confidence in the Philippines following a 2017 Dengvaxia scare and the current COVID-19 pandemic. Between August and November 2020, we conducted 19 semi-structured narrative interviews with purp ... more

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Media Data and Vaccine Hesitancy: Scoping Review

Jason Dean-Chen Yin

JMIR Infodemiology, volume 2, issue 2 (2022), 21 pp.

"Media studies are important for vaccine hesitancy research, as they analyze how the media shapes risk perceptions and vaccine uptake. Despite the growth in studies in this field owing to advances in computing and language processing and an expanding social media landscape, no study has consolidated ... more

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Psychological Inoculation Improves Resilience Against Misinformation on Social Media

Jon Roozenbeek, Sander van der Linden, Beth Goldberg, Steve Rathja, Stephan Lewandowsky

Science Advances, volume 8, issue 34 (2022), 12 pp.

"Online misinformation continues to have adverse consequences for society. Inoculation theory has been put forward as a way to reduce susceptibility to misinformation by informing people about how they might be misinformed, but its scalability has been elusive both at a theoretical level and a pract ... more

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Addressing COVID-19 Rumors and Behaviors Using Theory in Guyana: A Program Case Study

Bolanle Olapeju, Camille Adams, Joann Simpson, Lyndsey Mitchum, Sean Wilson

Global Health: Science and Practice, volume 10, issue 4 (2022), 11 pp.

"To manage the rapid rise of misleading information on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the pandemic, the Breakthrough ACTION project developed a theory-based rumortracking system to inform Guyana’s COVID-19 communication campaign. The rumor-tracking project used the extended parallel pro ... more

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Infodemics and Health Misinformation: A Systematic Review of Reviews

Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento, Ana Beatriz Pizarro, Jussara M. Almeida, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Marcos André Gonçalves, Maria Björklunde, David Novillo-Ortiz

Bulletin of the World Health Organization, volume 100, issue 9 (2022), pp. 544-561

"Our search identified 31 systematic reviews, of which 17 were published. The proportion of health-related misinformation on social media ranged from 0.2% to 28.8%. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram are critical in disseminating the rapid and far-reaching information. The most negative conseq ... more

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Infodemic Management Using Digital Information and Knowledge Cocreation to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Case Study from Ghana

Anna-Leena Lohiniva, Anastasiya Nurzhynska, Al-hassan Hudi, Bridget Anim, Aboagye, Da Costa

JMIR Infodemiology, volume 2, issue 2: e37134 (2022), 10 pp.

"This paper describes an infodemic management system workflow based on digital data collection, qualitative methodology, and human-centered systems to support the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Ghana with examples of system implementation. Methods: The infodemic management system was developed by the H ... more

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Steuerung der öffentlichen Meinung

Russland-Analysen, issue 418 (2022), pp. 1-14

"Wie denken gewöhnliche Russ:innen wirklich über die Entscheidung von Präsident Putin, in die Ukraine einzumarschieren? Obwohl einiges dafürspricht, dass frühere Umfragen, die Zustimmungswerte um 60 % für den Krieg zeigen, als genuine Signale der russischen öffentlichen Meinung gewertet werde ... more

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Myth and Misinformation on COVID-19 Vaccine: The Possible Impact on Vaccination Refusal Among People of Northeast Ethiopia: A Community-Based Research

Mulugeta Hayelon Kalayou, Shekur Mohammed Awol

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Journal, volume 15 (2022), pp. 1859-1868

"To prevent the spread of COVID-19 and carry out a successful vaccination program especially in low-income countries, people must have faith on scientists and health experts. The most significant challenge to vaccination programs' efficacy is now regarded to be a lack of information and trust in imm ... more

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Social Media Literacy: Fake News Consumption and Perception of COVID-19 in Nigeria

Aonover Eric Msughter, Bashiru Usman

Cogent Arts & Humanities, volume 9, issue 2138011 (2022), 14 pp.

"The emergence of social media in the late 90s resulted in information dissemination and consumption transformation. Social networking sites have increasingly been popular and appealing to youths, who often spend much time navigating across the platforms, exploiting the communication affordances. Wh ... more

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Fake news during the pandemic times: A systematic literature review using PRISMA

Tahir Mumtaz Awan, Mahroz Aziz, Aruba Sharif, Tehreem Raza Ch., Taha Jasam, Yusra Alvi

Open Information Science, volume 6 (2022), pp. 49-60

"The purpose of this systematic literature review is to review the major studies about misinformation and fake news during COVID-19 on social media. A total of 144 articles studies were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and 20 relevant articles were selected using th ... more

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A Systematic Literature Review on Fake News in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can AI Propose a Solution?

Tanvir Ahmad, Eyner Arturo Aliaga Lazarte, Seyedali Mirjalili

Applied Sciences (MDPI), volume 12, issue 12727 (2022), 19 pp.

"This paper aims to unpack a structured overview of previous research topics and findings and identify gaps. Our goal in this systematic review is to (a) synthesize the selected earlier studies, (b) offer researchers a structural framework for future COVID-19 and fake news research, and (c) recommen ... more

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A Treatment for Viral Deception? Automated Moderation of COVID-19 Disinformation

Julia Haas

Universität Innsbruck (2022), 110 pp.

"This paper examines responses to disinformation, in particular those involving automated tools, from a human rights perspective. It provides an introduction to current automated content moderation and curation practices, and to the interrelation between the digital information ecosystem and the phe ... more

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Communication, Community Engagement and Accountability: Perspectives from Stakeholders, Communicators and Audiences

Michelle Betz, Melissa Eveleigh

London: CDAC Network (2022), 62 pp.

"This study sought to identify changes, if any, to the communication and community engagement landscape as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. It did not aim to evaluate communication, community engagement and accountability (CCEA) during the pandemic but, rather, aimed to bring together some of the ... more

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Persuasive strategies in online health misinformation: A systematic review

Wei Peng, Sue Lim, Jingbo Meng

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 11 (2021), pp. 2131-2148

"A proliferation of a variety of health misinformation is present online, particularly during times of public health crisis. To combat online health misinformation, numerous studies have been conducted to taxonomize health misinformation or examine debunking strategies for various types of health mi ... more

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The COVID-19 Story: Unmasking China's Global Strategy

Louisa Lim, Julia Bergin, Johan Lidberg

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2021), 7 pp.

"China has used Covid to benefit its global image through the activation of existing media dissemination channels overseas and the use of new tactics such as disinformation and misinformation. China’s largescale medical diplomacy campaign has also provided propaganda wins in many developing countr ... ies, burnishing Beijing’s image as a reliable partner. Anecdotal reports indicate that Beijing has stepped up its content offerings, in particular by tailoring content including disinformation for specific countries and translating state-run messages into local languages. In some countries, China was also seen as the purveyor of the most accurate information about the new coronavirus, showing its growing influence over global narratives. For Beijing, Covid diplomacy clearly offers another means through which it can exert its influence. This research shows that countries that are recipients of China’s Covid vaccine clearly have more positive coverage of China, but it cannot draw conclusions as to the factors behind that. This strategy has largely been acceptable to global journalists, who — judging by the results of our focus groups in three separate countries — do not perceive China’s advances as a threat at a national level. Such views are in part due to the incremental nature of the changes, the clumsiness of China’s propaganda effort and the irrelevance of much of the material provided to local audiences. However, the survey does reveal that when viewed globally, there does appear to be more concern about China’s influence, in particular in the Asia Pacific region. The survey indicates that the overall impact of Beijing’s outreach is a redrawing of the global media landscape — one story at a time, one country at a time — shifting the China coverage in a more positive direction. China is using a multi-pronged approach to redraw the information landscape to benefit its own global image. In 2020, Beijing effectively shut down journalistic access to China, through visa denials and freezes, partly driven by international border closures. This had the effect of creating a vacuum in China coverage, creating a demand for stories from China, which could then be filled with statesponsored content already available through content-sharing agreements." (Conclusions, page 7) more

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Happiness and surprise are associated with worse truth discernment of COVID-19 headlines among social media users in Nigeria

Leah R. Rosenweig, Bence Bago, Adam J. Berinsky, David G. Rand

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 2, issue 4 (2021), 37 pp.

"Do emotions we experience after reading headlines help us discern true from false information or cloud our judgement? Understanding whether emotions are associated with distinguishing truth from fiction and sharing information has implications for interventions designed to curb the spread of misinf ... more

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Digital tools and strategies in COVID-19 infodemic response: Case studies and discussion

Roman Chestnov et al.

Geneva: ITU (2021), 60 pp.

"Digital technology, while an important enabler of many COVID-19 mitigation measures, has also contributed to the rise of misinformation and disinformation surrounding the pandemic. The circulation of rumours, conspiracy theories, false claims and misconceptions about the novel coronavirus has had a ... more