"The conference called the 'Global Media Forum: The role of media in realizing the future we want for all' was hosted by the Government of Indonesia in 2014 [...] The event brought together journalists, media experts and young communicators from South East Asia and around the world, as a contributio
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n to the ongoing international debate about the importance of media and information and communication technologies for peace and sustainable development. The goal was to advance participants’ understanding of how a free, pluralistic and independent media can contribute. This was in the context of efforts to have media issues being recognised in the UN debates about the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The output of the Global Media Forum was called the Bali Road Map, a key document that is included at the end of this book." (Introduction, page 6)
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"Sending messages is likely to only be effective in conjunction with a comprehensive approach involving a wider range of activities, such as dialogue or training. The media, such as newspapers, radio and television, are the main way that messages to change attitudes and behaviour are communicated in
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campaigns. In conflict situations, the media does not necessarily always either promote or prevent conflict, but still acts as an important, influential force in most societies. The media can help inform decisions and counteract hateful and violent messages, but can also undermine peacebuilding processes. There is no single way that the media affects audiences, and the media cannot ‘inject’ behaviours or attitudes into people’s minds but rather affects the formation of attitudes and beliefs which in turn impact on behaviour. In addition to media interventions, two approaches to sending messages are identified that seem of particular relevance: social marketing and the inclusion of educational messages in entertainment programmes. A number of case studies are identified in the report that cover multi-faceted interventions and include a messaging component. Projects are explored from Burundi, Rwanda, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Bosnia." (www.gsdrc.org)
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"This toolbox should provide some insights and tools for journalists reporting on events in other countries, but it has primarily been developed for journalists reporting on extremely violent conflicts in their own communities. It hopes to provide these journalists with insights they can draw on in
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making a constructive contribution to the eventual peaceful management and resolution of conflicts through their reporting. In doing so it recognizes that many professional journalists have found that an approach to conflict coverage known as conflict sensitive journalism (CSJ) (see Box One: Conflict Sensitive Journalism a Brief Background) has enhanced their ability to cover conflict. Many have also noted that the CSJ approach has raised their commitment to good journalism by helping them recognize how they can make a positive contribution toward conflict transformation in their own communities. In essence, conflict sensitive journalism involves journalists developing a more sophisticated understanding of conflict and applying this knowledge in all aspects of their reporting - from story conceptualization, to interviewing, to the final moments of production. This toolbox draws on the CSJ approach in exploring how even in the face of atrocities, journalists can effectively tell a story and thereby contribute constructively to peacebuilding and conflict transformation." (Introduction, page 3-4)
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"This article assesses the evidence used to in arguments for the role of the media in conflict and post-conflict situations. It focuses on two broad areas within the literature. First, it examines literature on the contribution of media in war to peace transitions, including assessment of evidence u
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sed to show how the media may contribute to violent conflict and how they may provoke, or hinder, post-conflict reconstruction. Second, it assesses evidence used in arguments for the role new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) such as the Internet and mobile phones may have in liberation or oppression in developing country contexts. Through reviewing some of the most significant papers that were systematically selected in a literature review on media and conflict, our findings suggest that there are serious gaps in the evidence and the majority of evidence is located in the “grey literature” or policy documents. The article concludes by suggesting future research agendas to address these gaps." (Abstract)
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"This paper discusses the strength of the evidence that currently exists around the role of media and information in periods of conflict and political change. Key findings: The evidence suggests the need for caution when planning interventions using media and technology for political change; Interve
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ntions using media and technology in fragile and conflict affected situations should be viewed as innovative rather than tried and tested; The media appears to play a different role in the developing world than is often assumed, and local realities are insufficiently explored and understood; Rigorous evaluations should be a key component of future media interventions." (Page 1)
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"The starting point of this innovative book is that it is unsatisfactory either to consider conflict within a singular concept or alternatively to consider each conflict as entirely distinct and unique; Narrating Conflict in the Middle East explores another path to addressing long-term conflict. The
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contributors set out to examine the ways in which such conflicts in Palestine and Lebanon have been and are narrated, imagined and remembered in diverse spaces, including that of the media. They examine discourses and representations of the conflicts as well as practices of memory and performance in narratives of suffering and conflict, all of which suggest an embodied investment in narrating or communicating conflict." (Publisher description)
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"This article addresses a major gap in the transitional justice literature by exploring the role of the media in transitional justice processes. We offer a framework for analyzing the information environment in which media intervention and transitional justice occurs. We suggest an approach that can
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offer a more nuanced understanding of information flows and the ways in which key actors use communication to compete for loyalty in the political marketplace. Several tools for conceptualizing the approaches toward media during transitional justice processes are offered, including the use of law, force, subsidy, and negotiation. Examples of how these tools have been used both effectively and ineffectively by international actors in the former Yugoslavia illuminate our arguments." (Abstract)
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"This report summarises the presentations and recommendations made at the Conference on Media Development in Myanmar organised by the Myanmar Ministry of Information and Culture and UNESCO in cooperation with International Media Support (IMS) and Canal France International with support from the Gove
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rnments of Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The conference, held on 19–20 March 2012 in Yangon was historic as it was among the first of its kind to be held specifically on media development in Myanmar. The conference brought together a wide spectrum of Myanmar and international media specialists and media support organisations, donors and Myanmar government representatives to discuss media development and the way forward for the Fourth Estate in Myanmar. One aspect that set the conference apart was the involvement of members of the Myanmar exile media, including Mizzima, Democratic Voice of Burma, and Irrawaddy Magazine. Their presence indicated a major shift in the government’s attitude towards press freedom and a commitment to media reform." (Introduction, page 6)
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"Desde la perspectiva de los medios de comunicación, se presentan en esta obra investigaciones académicas y lecciones aprendidas en cuatro apartados: el impacto de los medios de comunicación en la construcción de violencia cultural, medios alternativos para la construcción de paz, alfabetizaci
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n mediática y, por último, la propuesta de las Espirales de Paz para reaprender la anhelada y esperanzadora, pero al tiempo compleja, Alianza de Civilizaciones. El libro es parte del trabajo realizado por el departamento de investigación en comunicación para la paz de la Cátedra UNESCO de Filosofía para la Paz de la Universitat Jaume I de Castelló y el Instituto Interuniversitario de Desarrollo Social y Paz (IUDESP), en colaboración con United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC)." (Cubierta del libro)
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"Peace journalism finds its place in newspapers and magazines, on radio and television, in film and documentaries, in digital media and mainstream cultural events such as public exhibitions and debates. There are also transnational online communities like Avaaz.org, which is dedicated to organizing
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“citizens of all nations to close the gap between the world we have and the world most people everywhere want.” At the heart of the matter lies power. Excluding, invisibilizing, and marginalizing people facilitate all kinds of travesty and injustice. Including, making visible, and placing people at the centre of decision-making uphold their human rights. Thus, peace journalism falls squarely within the realm of the right to communicate – strengthening the ability of people and communities to make known their economic, political, social, and cultural aspirations and urging them to live in peace with one another." (Editorial, page 2)
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"Although conflict is a normal aspect of human life, mass media technologies are changing the dynamics of conflict and shaping strategies for deploying rituals. Rituals can provoke or escalate conflict; they can also mediate it. Media representations have long been instrumental in establishing, main
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taining, and challenging political and economic power, as well as in determining the nature of religious practice. This collection of chapters emerged from a two-year project based on collaboration between the Faculty of Religious Studies at Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands and the Ritual Dynamics Collaborative Research Center at the University of Heidelberg in Germany. Here, chapters locate, describe, and explore cases in which media-driven rituals or ritually saturated media instigate, disseminate, or escalate conflict. Each chapter, built around global and local examples of ritualized, mediatized conflict, is multiauthored. The book’s central question is: when ritual and media interact (either by the mediatizing of ritual or by the ritualizing of media), how do the patterns of conflict change?" (Publisher description)
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"For two years, Clemencia Rodríguez did fieldwork in regions of Colombia where leftist guerillas, right-wing paramilitary groups, the army, and drug traffickers made their presence felt in the lives of unarmed civilians. Here, Rodríguez tells the story of the ways in which people living in the sha
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dow of these armed intruders use community radio, television, video, digital photography, and the Internet to shield their communities from armed violence's negative impacts. Citizens' media are most effective, Rodríguez posits, when they understand communication as performance rather than simply as persuasion or the transmission of information. Grassroots media that are deeply embedded in the communities they serve and responsive to local needs strengthen the ability of community members to productively react to violent incursions. Rodríguez demonstrates how citizens' media privilege aspects of community life not hijacked by violence, providing people with the tools and the platform to forge lives for themselves and their families that are not entirely colonized by armed conflict and its effects. Ultimately, Rodríguez shows that unarmed civilian communities that have been cornered by armed conflict can use community media to repair torn social fabrics, reconstruct eroded bonds, reclaim public spaces, resolve conflict, and sow the seeds of peace and stability." (Back cover)
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"Salam Shabab (Peace Youth) is a unique reality TV series filmed in Iraq that brought together youth from six provinces of Iraq to compete for a chance to become youth “Ambassadors of Peace.” The views of young Iraqis participating in Salam Shabab, along with new surveys on youth perspectives, h
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ave begun to create a potential profile of the next generation of Iraqi leaders. Many Iraqi youth express conflicting views on politics and youth participation in Iraq. They are disappointed about not having their voices heard by political and civil society leaders, yet optimistic about their role in shaping the future of their country. Iraqi teenagers express tremendous pride in their local communities, which they associate with peace, unity and coexistence. Yet, the same youth often cannot clearly define what national identity means to them." (Abstract)
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"Since the fall of the Taliban in 2001, the Afghan media sector has experienced dramatic growth in all areas: television, radio, print, internet, mobile phones. As such, the sector holds tremendous potential for making significant contributions to peacebuilding in the country. However, the media sec
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tor also confronts numerous challenges that impede its ability to realize this potential – which can only be addressed through the combined efforts and attention of international and domestic stakeholders alike. Among the most pressing challenges is resolving the tension between information operations and counterinsurgency, on the one hand, and developing a viable, credible media sector on the other. All too often efforts to counter extremist messages through expanded military and government access to the airwaves (via purchased air time and proliferating “radio in a box” broadcasts from military outposts) have had a negative impact on both media market economics and media credibility. Sustainability is also a significant issue. A glut of media outlets has arisen that are privately licensed yet sustained by international donor funds and strategic communications money. This has had a deleterious effect on the perception of media, and its effectiveness as a guardian of public interests. The shortcomings of state-owned RTA as a public broadcaster further contribute to this, leading many experts to call for greater investment in long-term training and mentoring as well as regulatory reform to limit government manipulation of the airwaves." (Summary)
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"This guide is for trainers of media workers and government officials in the strategic communication of major development objectives. It is intended to improve the skills of media practitioners and policy makers by helping them create and disseminate policy information in ways which are accessible t
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o different constituents. It also highlights the importance of giving citizens space to react, comment and interact with policy decisions in real and creative ways. As such the guide is at the centre of a regional project set up by the conflict transformation NGO Search for Common Ground (www.sfcg.org), and supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Finnish Government. The project, 'Radio: A Platform for Peacebuilding (RAPP)', which includes the website www.radiopeaceafrica.org, covers seven West and Central African countries. The project's overall objective is, to improve the population's access to information about policies and decisions that affect their lives [...] The RAPP project has undertaken media sector mappings in the seven countries. Media sector mapping (MSM) is a tool that identifies how information is generated and communicated to citizens and how they in turn use this information to participate in the implementation of government policies. The findings of the MSMs suggest that few governments are successfully communicating their major development policies to the citizens. They therefore run the risk that the policies will never take hold, and the essential reforms will not occur, so increasing the risk of conflict. Once citizens are able to become involved in policy decisions and programmes which affect their lives, rather than being viewed and treated as the simple (and grateful) recipients of largesse from above, these policies take on a more meaningful existence - one in which strategies are created, and decisions are made by the people who are most affected by them. In this model strategic communication becomes a key component of the development process, meaning that communication is a dialogue, from the government to the people and from the people to government (vertical communication), as well as allowing for communication across society from one community to another (horizontal communication)." (Introduction)
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"The main problem of journalism in Madagascar is not the much-discussed “politicization”, i.e. the political bias in some media in favour of one side or another. As long as such opinions are transparent, such bias need not be to the detriment of the media sector; indeed, other countries bear tes
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timony to this. The main dilemma, instead, is the poor quality of the information presented, and the lack of background and analysis. Not only is there room for a greater diversity of viewpoints, but journalists seem either incapable, unable or uninterested when it comes to searching for new information, cross-checking available facts, and going into in-depth analysis. When criticism is voiced, it remains superficial and ultimately polemic." (Conclusions, page 59)
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