"In spite of disappointing experiments there is a growing range of examples of systems which exploit educational technologies, including many in the developing world. Some may have been introduced for reasons of fashionable interest — some have certainly been introduced as acts of faith, as commun
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ication is a field which attracts very devoted adherents. But experience on the ground has revealed a large number of media possibilities, embracing a variety of educational needs and objectives.
Much of the text is devoted to four short case studies, covering the use of radio for extended learning in the Dominican Republic; qualitative improvement of mathematics teaching in Nicaragua; community action involving radio in Tanzania; and the experimental use of satellite broadcasting in India. Explicit in the booklet's title is the use of communication media for low-income countries, with a critical eye to cost considerations. But it is interesting, and not at all surprising, to see that the focus of the studies, in all cases but that of India, is upon radio rather than television, as a lower-cost broadcasting alternative. More than anything, this reflects a situation in which technological choice is made more directly than hitherto in relation to overall educational planning and financing, paying special attention to criteria of cost-effectiveness, even though these are more flexibly interpreted than in the past. The focus of the booklet is therefore upon the potential of educational technologies as correlated with specific educational policy objectives: in extending educational opportunity; improving the quality of teaching and learning; developing rural areas; and — still a fluid sphere — the increase of participation. What is emphasized, above all, is the need for careful planning and analysis in association with educational specialists from many fields, to envolve media systems and applications which are coherent and which do not exceed the financial possiblities of the country." (Preface, page 9)
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"Les transmissions par satellites peuvent et doivent être utilisées à des fins éducatives entre autres — Le programme de l'Unesco pour le lancement de satellites couvrant les pays africains, asiatiques et latino-américains." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in
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the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1173, topic code 09)
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"How, in accordance with their individual circumstances, developed and developing nations can make intelligent and efficient use of the communications satellites for educational purposes — The argument in favour of a programme of international cooperation." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfak
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h: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 991, topic code 09)
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"Cet ouvrage est fondé sur les rapports - basés sur les faits tels qu'ils étaient en 1965 - présentés à la réunion des spécialistes des nombreuses disciplines qui interviennent dans le développement des communications spatiales, réunion qui a eu lieu du 6 au 10 décembre 1965. Les spécial
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istes définissent ici les principes et les grandes lignes d'un programme à long terme visant à développer l'emploi des communications spatiales pour la libre circulation de l'information, l'extension de l'éducation et l'intensification des échanges d'ordre culturel." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1099, topic code 09, 163.20)
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"Les trois catégories de satellites de point à point, par émission sur stations au sol, de radiodiffusion directe sur récepteurs individuels, sont présentées dans cet article et leurs avantages respectifs décrits." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the develo
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ping countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 647, topic code 09)
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"Past, present and future applications of the communications satellites — Use of the satellites for educational purposes — The problems raised by their use — Need for rigorous planning. This article is based on a talk given in September 1967, to the American Psychological Association." (Jean-M
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arie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 2083, topic code 09)
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"Radio et programmes de développement — La radio, service public — L'utilisation des communications spatiales." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1580, topic code 09)
"L’auteur brosse un tableau plutôt sombre de la situation des peuples, dits en voie de développement, sur le plan de l'information — Il met ensuite en valeur les possibilités offertes, d'une part, par l'impression en offset, d'autre part, par l'invention de transistor — L'article (qui const
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itue le condensé d'un mémoire présenté à l'O.N.U.) se termine par des vues prospectives sur les méthodes d'enseignement à venir, notamment en fonction de l'utilisation des satellites de types Telstar." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 2087, topic code 070, 051)
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"Implications of communications satellites for educational television — The technology of communications satellites — Technical problems of setting up an international educational television network using satellites — Political and social barriers — The ambivalent aspect of any system of mas
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s communication — The developing countries and the communications satellites." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 338, topic code 09, 410.330)
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