"In June 2020, MDIF conducted a survey of 36 Myanmar media outlets to gather information about the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses between March and May. They represent a mix of national media, as well as local media from the ethnic states and regions. Their operations are of various sizes: t
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hree media have 70-150 staff, 7 have 20-69, and 26 have 1-19. All the media surveyed felt the impact of COVID-19 almost immediately. Not surprisingly, as this has generally been the experience of media worldwide, commercial revenue decline was often dramatic: half of the survey respondents reported more than a 75% drop in income. Thirty-two of the 36 respondents had advertising revenue prior to the start of the pandemic, and all of them reported that it was negatively affected. All 19 media with print products were obliged to either reduce or even halt production. In response to collapsing revenues, 31 of the 36 survey respondents instituted spending cuts between March and May including, in some cases, cutting salaries and staff. Even as they reeled from the economic impact, Myanmar media also had to adapt their working environments. All the media surveyed quickly instituted work from home practices or else established social distancing in their offices and provided protective equipment for their staff. At the same time, more than half of the media reported having to contend with safety and security challenges. These came in the form of restrictions on movement, websites being blocked, on and offline surveillance, staff harassment and arrests. In common with media in other countries, one bright spot in this bleak picture has been audience growth. MDIF’s survey found that almost all media saw both their digital audiences, and audience engagement, increase. This had a positive knock-on effect for the media, with 30 respondents reporting that during this period they were able to strengthen their digital skills and knowledge due to the increased focus on their online content. The good news that 21 of the 31 respondents that sought emergency funding during the survey period obtained it, is tempered by the reality that the impact of COVID-19 has been deep and will be long lasting. The future for media in Myanmar is precarious." (Introduction)
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"This report reviews challenges and opportunities for news media and journalism in today’s changing media environment. It documents that we are moving towards an increasingly digital, mobile, and social media environment with more intense competition for attention. More and more people get news vi
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a digital media, they increasingly access news via mobile devices (especially smartphones), and rely on social media and other intermediaries in terms of how they access and find news. In this environment, a limited number of large technology companies enable billions of users across the world to navigate and use digital media in easy and attractive ways through services like search, social networking, video sharing, and messaging. As a consequence, these companies play a more and more important role in terms of (a) the distribution of news and (b) digital advertising. Legacy media like broadcasters and especially newspapers by contrast are becoming relatively less important as distributors of news even as they remain very important producers of news. They are also under growing pressure to develop new digital business models as their existing sources of revenue decline or stagnate. The general response from legacy media has been a combination of (a) investment in pursuing digital opportunities, (b) cost–cutting and (c) attempts at market consolidation in pursuit of market power and economies of scale. Because of the competition for attention and advertising, and the limited number of people who pay for online news, there are very few examples of legacy media that make a profit from their digital news operations—despite twenty years of often substantial investments and sometimes significant audience reach. It is not clear that the new environment is significantly more hospitable for digital-born news media organisations. While they often have a lower cost base and can be more nimble in adapting to change, they face similar competition for both attention and advertising and so far represent a small part of overall investment in journalism." (Executive summary)
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"Este libro constituye una colección de investigaciones y ensayos sobre el papel actual de las industrias de la cultura en América Latina. Los temas abordados incluyen la industria de la música, la transnacionalización de las telenovelas, el mercado editorial, internet, sistemas de información
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y la economía de la cultura. El mundo audiovisual y la fabricación de mercancías simbólicas en general son pensadas desde las tensiones internas de América Latina y sus relaciones con Estados Unidos y Europa. La elaboración de diagnósticos y de políticas culturales abarca los diferentes niveles de las ciudades, los estados y los nuevos acuerdos regionales. El mayor interés de este libro radica justamente en su heterogeneidad. No sólo por la multiplicidad de objetos y temas que aborda vinculados con las industrias culturales y los procesos de "integración" latinoamericanos. También, y fundamentalmente, porque constituye "un estado del debate", de perspectivas a veces sutilmente diferentes para estudiar estos procesos y para elaborar políticas que los direccionen." (reseña de Alejandro Grimson, Revista Punto Cero v.7 n.5 Cochabamba jul. 2002)
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