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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
43
Censorship
34
Media Law & Regulation
32
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
28
Television
17
Media & Communication Policies
16
Politics and Media
14
Media Ownership
13
Journalism
13
Press
12
Audiences & Users
11
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
11
Internet
11
Democracy / Democratization and Media
11
Radio
11
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
10
Social Media
10
Media, Mass Media
10
Public Media, State Media
10
Media Markets
9
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
9
Digital Media Landscapes
8
ICT Regulation
8
Digital Communication, Digital Media
7
News Websites & Portals
7
Journalism Education & Training
7
Political Transition and Media
7
Advertising
5
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
5
State Influence on the Media
5
Democratization
5
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Cinema
4
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
4
Culture (General)
4
Economics of Media
4
Ethics in Media & Communication
4
History of Media & Communication
4
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
4
Politics
4
Propaganda
4
Newspapers
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
3
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
3
Intellectual Property
3
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Public Relations
3
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
3
Development and Media
3
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
3
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
3
Satellite Television
3
Journalists
3
News Agencies
3
Human Rights
3
Human Rights Violations
3
Licensing of Media
3
Music
3
Government
3
Influence of Media on Politics
3
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
3
Media Effects
3
Television Programmes & Genres
3
Access to Media & Information
2
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
2
Election Campaigns
2
Film Industries
2
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
2
Communication Rights
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Alternative Press
2
Cultural Identity
2
Mass Cultures
2
Subcultures
2
Social Change & Media / Communication
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
Social Media in Political Communication
2
Information Society
2
Diaspora Media
2
Racism in Communication & Media
2
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Education and Communication / Media
2
Training
2
History of Radio
2
International Communication
2
Foreign Correspondents
2
Foreign News, International News
2
International News Flow
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
Business & Economics Journalism
2
Election Reporting
2
Media Assistance
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Radio Landscapes
2
Television Landscapes
2
Civil Rights
2
Television Law & Regulation
2
Political Resistance
2
Political Systems
2
Democracy
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Television Production
2
Media Reception
2
Islam and Communication
2
Research in Media & Communication
2
Society
2
Apartheid
2
Social Change
2
Informatics
2
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
2
Commercial Television
2
Theories of Communication & Media
2
Youth and Media
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Land Property, Land Grabbing, Land Reforms
1
Media Use: Families
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Books
1
Book Policies (National & International)
1
Book Publishing
1
Digital Media Campaigns
1
Catholic Church
1
Catholic Media
1
Children and Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
1
Christian Communication
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Sects
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Action & Adventure Films
1
Horror Films
1
National Cinemas, National Film Production
1
Videos
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Secret Services, Intelligence Services
1
Self-Censorship
1
Strategic Communication Planning
1
Community Media
1
Community Radios
1
Community Reporters, Media Volunteers
1
Traditional Communication
1
International Conflicts
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Human Security Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Jamming
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Violence in the Media: Effects on Youth
1
War Reporting
1
Contents of Media
1
Theatre
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Development
1
Cultural Influence
1
Cultural Processes
1
Cultural Pluralism
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Radio for Development
1
Convergence of Media
1
Cybercrimes
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Online Communication
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Online Radio, Internet Radio, Radio Streaming
1
Facebook
1
TikTok
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Online Learning, E-Learning
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Policies
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Press Distribution
1
Media Industries
1
Music Industries & Markets
1
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Economy
1
Economic Conditions
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Neoliberalism
1
Illiteracy, Non-Literate Persons
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Contamination, Pollution
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Environmental Protection
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Responsibility
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Gender & Religious Communication
1
Gender Relations
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Legacies
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History of Media: Colonial Period
1
History of Television
1
History of the Press
1
Nazism
1
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
World Information and Communication Order
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
UNESCO
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Local Journalism
1
News
1
News Reception
1
Television News
1
Political Reporting
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
African Languages
1
French Language
1
Local Press
1
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
1
Communication
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Information Exchange
1
Presentation of Information
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Radio Policies
1
Television Policies
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
1
Press Law & Regulation
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
1
Media Management
1
Change & Process Management
1
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
1
Crowdfunding
1
Human Resources Development, Personnel Management
1
Marketing & Branding
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Government Policies
1
Communism, Marxism
1
Fascism
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Political Oppression
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Political Communication
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Public Spheres
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Magazines
1
Mirror (Newspaper, Zimbabwe)
1
Radio Production
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Commercial Radios
1
Oppression
1
Religion and Communication
1
Islamism
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Religion and State
1
Religious Populism
1
Analysis
1
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
1
Violence
1
Civil Society
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Control
1
Social Justice
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Alternative Technologies
1
Digital Switchover
1
Computers
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Open Source Software
1
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
1
Telecommunications
1
Regional Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Audiovisual Communication
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"Wie der vorgelegte Bericht von »Reporter ohne Grenzen« zeigt, gibt die gegenwärtige Situation der Medien in den russischen Regionen Grund zur Hoffnung, aber auch zur Sorge. Positiv ist die Entwicklung von einzelnen ökonomisch tragfähigen Modellen von Medien in den Regionen vor allem bei den Pr ... more

Print and Broadcast Media Freedom: Disparities and Opening

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 27 pp.
"Using historical data from Freedom House's Freedom of the Press index this report assesses regional trends regarding differing levels of print and broadcast media freedom. While an initial set of data covering 1980-88 shows a clear pattern of print media ranked as freer than broadcast media in ever ... more

Changing Media, Changing Societies: Media and the Millennium Development Goals

Singapore: Asian Media Information and Communication Centre (AMIC) (2009), 219 pp.

So This is Democracy? Report on the State of Media Freedom and Freedom of Expression in Southern Africa 2007

Windhoek: Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) (2008), vi, 314 pp.

Communication in China: Political Economy, Power, and Conflict

Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield (2008), xii, 373 pp.

Sri Lanka: Silencing Dissent

London: Amnesty International (2008), 42 pp.

Reform and Regression: Freedom of the Media in Turkey. Fact-Finding Mission Report

Walter Jawardene; Mustafa Gündogudu (eds.)
London: Kurdish Human Rights Project (KHRP);Index on Censorship;Bar Human Rights Committee of England and Wales;Article 19;Centre for European Studies (2007), 74 pp.

Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession

London; New York: Routledge (2007), xii, 194 pp.
"This book charts the development of professional journalism in Iran since the 1979 Revolution that replaced the monarchy with an Islamic Republic. Written to pay homage to Iranian journalists, the book focuses on newspapers, radio and television providing a fuller picture of Iran's media environmen ... more

Administration, Control and Censorship in the Chinese Media

Köln: Institut für Rundfunkökonomie an der Universität zu Köln (2007), 25 pp.
"While China’s policies of reform and opening-up have triggered far-reaching economic transformations in the media sector, and the leeway for uncensored reporting has widened, the principles of political supervision remain essentially unchanged. The article sketches the interplay of numerous gover ... more

Journalism Afghan Style: Afghanistans Medienlandschaft und ihre Besonderheiten

Berlin: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin (wvb) (2007), 212 pp.
"Wie arbeiten Journalisten in einem Land wie Afghanistan? Wie sah und vor allem wie sieht die Medienlandschaft und die Pressefreiheit in dem vom Krieg geschundenen Land am Hindukusch aus? Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert Antworten zu diesen bisher von der Forschung komplett vernachlässigten Fragen. D ... more
"Die Medienentwicklung und die entscheidenden Züge der nationalsozialistischen Medienpolitik werden in den Bereichen Verlagswesen, Presse und Journalismus, Rundfunk sowie Film und Kino dargestellt. Erstmals werden dabei die deutschen Entwicklungen zu jenen im faschistischen Italien und franquistisc ... more