"Analyzing the “clues to conflict” in vulnerable societies can enable policymakers to identify societies that are particularly vulnerable to media abuse and decide on the most appropriate type and timing of media interventions. These clues are divided into two categories. Structural indicators c
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oncern media outlets, media professionals, or government institutions concerned with media; these indicators can include media variety and plurality, degree of journalist isolation, and the legal environment for media. Content indicators concern content designed to create fear (such as a focus on past atrocities and history of ethnic hatred) or content designed to create a sense of inevitability and resignation (such as discrediting alternatives to conflict). In response to the clues to conflict, a number of opportunities for intervention are suggested. These media interventions fall into three categories: structural interventions, such as strengthening domestic and international journalist networks; contentspecific interventions, such as issue-oriented training; and aggressive interventions, such as radio and television jamming." (Summary)
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"This article explores the bipolar structure of communication in Afghanistan, where the latest technological advancements in media coexist with a complex system of traditional communication. After 22 years of civil war and the destruction of most modern media facilities, Afghanistan's traditional ch
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annels of communication have become even more significant. This article examines the history of the press in Afghan politics and society and asks what roles modern and traditional communication systems and values may play in the future." (Abstract)
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"Les articles sont issus de trois conférences organisées à Accra en 1996, Kampala en 1997 et Accra en 1999 sur le thème "Les médias et la construction de la paix en Afrique". Le comportement et la coresponsabilité des médias pendant le génocide rwandais de 1994 ont été à l'origine de cett
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e réflexion. Dans ce contexte, les auteurs s'interrogent sur le rôle que les journalistes doivent (ou peuvent) jouer dans les sociétés africaines en cas de conflit et sur la possibilité pour eux d'adopter une attitude impartiale lorsque l'État justifie la répression sous diverses formes par l'argument de la sécurité nationale. Les explications d'ordre général sont étayées par des exemples individuels détaillés." (DÜI-Wgm)
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