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Freedom on the Net 2015: Privatizing Censorship, Eroding Privacy

Sanja Kelly, Madeline Earp, Laura Reed, Adrian Shahbaz, Mai Truong (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2015), 986 pp.

"Internet freedom around the world has declined for the fifth consecutive year, with more governments censoring information of public interest and placing greater demands on the private sector to take down offending content. State authorities have also jailed more users for their online writings, wh ... more

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Stifling the Public Sphere: Media and Civil Society in Egypt

Sherif Mansour

Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED);International Forum for Democratic Studies (2015), 16 pp.

"Egypt’s plummeting press freedom is in part a result of the many ways in which the state can put pressure on independent media under Egyptian law. While the January 2014 constitution contains clear protections for the media (including, under Article 71, bans on censorship and surveillance), many ... more

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Stifling the Public Sphere: Media and Civil Society in Egypt, Russia and Vietnam

Zachary Abuza, Sherif Mansour, Maria Snegovaya

Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED);International Forum for Democratic Studies (2015), 57 pp.

"The three case studies depict a range of repressive efforts that are calibrated to achieve particular ends. Sometimes, the authorities choose to co-opt independent voices. In other instances, the regime may create new government-backed versions of media initiatives or civic organizations which mimi ... more

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Benchmarking Public Demand: Russia's Appetite for Internet Control

Erik C. Nisbet

Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS);Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM) (2015), 26 pp.

"Almost half (49%) of all Russians believe that information on the Internet needs to be censored; a plurality (42%) of Russians believe foreign countries are using the Internet against Russia and its interests. About one-quarter of Russians think the Internet threatens political stability (24%); abo ... more

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Benchmarking Demand: Turkey’s Contested Internet

Erik Nisbet, Aysenur Dal, Golnoosh Behrouzian, Ali Çarkoglu

Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) (2015), 35 pp.

"The data in this report was collected between December 20, 2014 and February 2, 2015 and represents the views of 1161 respondents from that time. The goal of the project is to understand how people in Turkey perceive and value the debate over Internet freedoms in Turkey and how they employ the Inte ... more

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Expression Restricted: An Account of Online Expression in Pakistan

Asad Baig, Sadaf Khan

Bytes for All;Association for Progressive Communications (APC);APC Impact (2015), 37 pp.

"How is freedom of expression in Pakistan’s digital spaces governed? What protections do journalists and bloggers enjoy? What is censored and how conducive is the environment for political and religious expression online? This research looks at these questions within the premise of an internationa ... more

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The Tor Dark Net

Gareth Owen, Nick Savage

London: Centre for International Governance Innovation;Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs (2015), 9 pp.

"This paper does suggest that child abuse content is the most popular type of content on the Tor Dark Net. While law enforcement may crawl such sites, the number of requests that would be seen would be only a tiny fraction, and hence not skew the outline ratios. Similarly, denial of service attacks ... more

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Stifling the Public Sphere: Media and Civil Society in Russia

Maria Snegovaya

Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED);International Forum for Democratic Studies (2015), 12 pp.

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Let 100 Voices Speak: How the Internet is Transforming China and Changing Everything

Liz Carter

London: Tauris (2015), 212 pp.

"Despite being a heavily-censored society, China has over 560 million active internet users, more than double that of the USA. In this book, social media expert and China-watcher Liz Carter tells the story of how the internet in China is leading to a coming together of activists, ordinary people and ... more

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Security Versus Access: The Impact of Mobile Network Shutdowns. Case Study: Telenor Pakistan

London: Institute for Human Rights and Business (2015), 49 pp.

"Network shutdowns are usually justified on security grounds, and the counterargument is often framed around the impact on freedom of expression. However, the impacts of network shutdowns can have far-reaching, adverse economic and social implications and could affect future economic growth; further ... more

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New Media and the Developmental State in Ethiopia

Iginio Gagliardone

African Affairs, volume 113, issue 451 (2014), pp. 279-299

"The Ethiopian government, led by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), has developed one of the most restrictive systems for the regulation of new media in Africa. So far, most discussion has focused on the measures employed by the EPRDF to prevent the Internet and mobile p ... more

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Whither Blogestan: Evaluating Shifts in Persian Cyberspace

Laurent Giacobino, Arash Abadpour, Collin Anderson, Fred Petrossian, Caroline Nellemann

Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication’s Iran Media Program (2014), 45 pp.

"Our research confirms that the Persian blogosphere has undergone significant shifts since the late 2000s as a result of a confluence of multiple factors: state intervention, the rise of social networking sites, changes to iran’s socio-political culture, and personal/professional issues. Our study ... more

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Internet Rights That Went Wrong in Turkey

Günes Tavmen

Association for Progressive Communications (APC);Hivos (2014), 17 pp.

"This report presents an up-to-date assessment of internet rights in Turkey, and has been prepared to coincide with the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 2014 which is being hosted by Turkey in Istanbul from 2–5 September 2014. The IGF is a space that strives for a democratic and inclusive internet ... more

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Freedom on the Net 2014. Tightening the Net: Governments Expand Online Controls

Sanja Kelly, Madeline Earp, Laura Reed, Adrian Shahbaz, Mai Truong (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2014), 986 pp.

"Internet freedom around the world has declined for the fourth consecutive year, with a growing number of countries introducing online censorship and monitoring practices that are simultaneously more aggressive and more sophisticated in their targeting of individual users. In a departure from the pa ... more

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Informe anual de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos 2013, vol. II: Informe de la relatoría especial para la libertad de expresión

Catalina Botero Marino

Washington, DC: Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA) (2014), vii, 634 pp.

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Supporting Internet Freedom: The Case of Iran

Sherry Ricchiardi

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2014), 24 pp.

"The aim of this report is not to question the value of supporting Internet freedom in closed societies such as Iran. Rather, the intent is to provide a picture of how difficult it is to achieve progress in such countries. In times of tightening budgets for media development work, it is worth consid ... more

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WorldCat (9)

Analyzing Freedom of Expression Online: Theoretical, Empirical, and Normative Contributions

Victoria Nash

In: The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies

William H. Dutton (ed.)

Oxford: Oxford University Press (2014), pp. 441-463

"it is clear that technological innovation will not necessarily enhance freedom of expression; indeed, research from across the many disciplines covered by Internet studies suggests that such fundamental freedoms will be diminished unless we pay more attention to the full array of policy 'games' tha ... more

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Internet in Chains: The Front Line of State Repression in Iran

International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran (2014), 49 pp.

"Censorship and state control over the Internet in Iran is changing: it is becoming more systemic and less detectable, posing an ever-greater threat to Iranian users. Increasingly, the state is focusing on developing the technological infrastructure to effectively control access to the Internet insi ... more

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The Country of Thirty Berlusconis

Benoît Hervieu

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2013), 26 pp.

"This report examines all of the shortcomings of this South American giant’s media landscape. It is based on fact-finding visits to Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Brasilia in November 2012. The media topography of the country that is hosting the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics has barely changed ... more

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After the Green Movement: Internet Controls in Iran, 2009-2012

Matthew Carrieri, Saad Omar Khan

Opennet Initiative (2013), 41 pp.

"Since the “Green Movement” protests in 2009, the Iranian regime has adopted increasingly complex surveillance and monitoring techniques, complementing technical filtration tools with legal frameworks and information manipulation. These techniques of control overlap: technical filtering is reinf ... more