"This report provides an assessment of U.S. international media development efforts, both public and private, and calls on future efforts to be more long-term, comprehensive, and need-driven. Recommending a more holistic assistance approach, the report looks at the international media development fi
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eld from a number of perspectives: funding, professional development, education, the legal-enabling environment, economic sustainability, media literacy, new media, and monitoring and evaluation. The report's recommendations include: establishing media development as its own sector of international assistance rather than only as a part of other development efforts as is the current trend; taking longer-term approaches to projects; engaging the local media community more in project designand implementation; improving journalists' professional skills and ethical standards; providing greater support to improve the legal-enabling environment; emphasizing media literacy; building stronger media management skills; integrating new technology; refining monitoring and evaluation methods; improving coordination among donors and implementers; integrating communication for development strategies in overall media assistance efforts." (CAMECO Update 5-2008)
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"The findings from this research reveal the complexity of delivering journalism training and the challenges involved in capturing evidence of impact. Content analysis is a useful tool for measuring change in media output. It can both inform training delivery and provide evidence of improvements to o
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utput after training has taken place. The detailed and systematic collection and analysis of data can detect subtle changes in content, presentation of output and production elements that might not be captured by other research techniques. Although content analysis provides evidence that the output has changed it may not necessarily be a direct result of the intervention. Content analysis records media output - it does not measure the situation under which the news is produced. For example, during the training period managers might have introduced editorial guidelines or style guides to the organisation independently of the training intervention. Changes in output might be attributable to the actions of management rather than the training experience. Content analysis is also limited to measuring changes to output only – not to the skills acquired by particular trainees. For example, a trainer worked with the news room team to produce a radio package - at the last minute the management refused to broadcast the piece due to editorial policy. Although the improved content was not broadcast, and therefore not included in the content analysis, journalists acquired skills in the production process." (Research learnings, page 8)
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"Internews Network, a U.S.-based organization that for more than two decades has trained journalists around the world, in 2002 received funding from the United States Agency for International Development to launch a project in Africa to help media improve their coverage of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Cal
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led “Local Voices,” the project expanded to Ethiopia in 2005 and India in 2006. In 2004, Internews Europe started a similar project in the Mekong region of Southeast Asia, “Turnaround Time,” with funds from the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development. That project evolved to do trainings in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. This report evaluates Local Voices and Turnaround Time and aims to help strengthen the continuing training programs [...] Both projects had a similar, overarching goal: To increase the quality and quantity of HIV/AIDS coverage, improving the environment for prevention, treatment and care. Although we have no way of assessing whether the projects had an impact on a societal level, over 1000 journalists went through carefully designed workshops, subsequently printing or broadcasting more than 5600 HIV/AIDS-related stories that Internews mentors often helped produce. Journalists clearly benefited from the trainings at each site, and many praised the program for fundamentally altering how they approach their jobs." (Executive summary)
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"This report explores the current state of university-based journalism education and describes avenues for engaging those international media developers by highlighting three strategies: • Universities are important for entry-level journalism training. International media developers should conside
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r investing in journalism schools; however, the type and level of assistance should depend on local circumstances. • International funders are showing interest in mapping journalism education worldwide. Such efforts must draw information from every part of the world in order to help media developers find the most promising entities for investment of their limited development funds. • The media sector has changed dramatically, but many journalism programs fail to meet the new challenges of the industry. Media developers can help overcome this gap in several ways: funding teacher training and curriculum development, providing updated educational materials and adequate equipment, facilitating the creation of student-run media to develop practical skills, and funding cross-disciplinary partnerships and programs." (Executive summary)
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"This overview is based on data obtained from a wider analysis of the state of media development in Africa – the African Media Development Initiative (AMDI). The analysis draws on a sample of university lecturers and department heads of mass communication, media and journalism studies from across
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17 countries to explore key developments in the media sector and the impact of these changes on their field of expertise – journalism training. A key finding is that more must be done by NGOs and donors to gain a stronger understanding of the operational environment, resources and/or work practices prior to engaging in a media development project." (Abstract)
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"From small beginnings in the 1960s, Western governments and international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) are today spending huge sums on media intervention in Arab countries, to the point where such intervention has become an industry. Among the plethora of media projects aimed at moulding
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Arab public affairs are a subset intentionally framed in terms of a discourse of conflict resolution, conflict handling and peace-building. Since 1998 external donors have financed such projects bilaterally and multilaterally, with the explicit aim of replacing violence and threats among regional antagonists with mutual understanding, diversity, dialogue and exchange. When it comes to measuring their impact and effectiveness, however, the results have generally failed to meet expectations, and there have been some spectacular disasters. Despite this, the number of such projects in the region is on the increase, with an ever wider range of donors becoming involved. This chapter reviews the development of these interventions for peace. It proposes a typology for understanding their objectives, evaluates their general success and failure and concludes with some considerations about requirements for success." (Page 135)
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"This report represents input from twenty-three practitioners who have observed, planned, and implemented media education programs of the U.S. and other Western governments, as well as those of private funders. The group discussed broad lessons learned and specific recommendations for policymakers,
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donors, and implementers on how to improve U.S. foreign assistance for professional development of journalists. The executive summary (page 4) concludes: "Their recommendations are encompassed in three main ideas. First, improving media is a local project that requires local remedies, local partners, and deep understanding of local values and circumstances. One solution never fits all—just as ethical norms must be put into practice to fit local realities, so must programs fit local limitations. Second, success requires that the right people do the right job, preferably in concert on mutually determined goals, moderated by flexible rules and evaluated on long-term and qualitative goals. This means that donors should support creative programming by dedicated trainers and teachers who work with engaged journalists and persevering managers. Third, donors who want to be effective need to understand that short-term funding and training have not created long-term impact." (commbox)
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"Our analysis will proceed along the following lines. First, it will show how media development promotes market-based democracy. Second, it examines the particular role of Central and East European journalist training centers in media development. Third, we broaden the scope beyond fixed training ce
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nters and look at the full range of journalism training activities in Central and Eastern Europe. We then highlight several current models of sustainability for media training. Finally, we make suggestions for how donors might more effectively approach the environment in Central and Eastern Europe, and elsewhere." (Page 6)
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"Since New Zealand development assistance helped establish the South Pacific’s first journalism school at the University of Papua New Guinea in 1975, many international aid agencies have contributed to media training and education in the region. Among the donors in a competitive environment, have
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been AusAID, Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation (CFTC), Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), NZAid, UNESCO and the World Association of Christian Communication (WACC). Since the late 1990s, the influence of AusAID has become dominant in the region through the establishment of multimillion dollar media and governance aid projects that have included the Pacific Media Initiative (PMI), Pacific Media and Communication Facility (PMCF) and Media in Development Initiative (MID). Many United Nations agencies and non-government organisations have established media training in the region. “Chequebook diplomacy” rivalry between China and Taiwan has also impacted on the media. The trend has major implications for the Pacific media and governance in the 21st century. This paper examines the politics of aid in an abridged three-decade history of Pacific journalism education and training, considers the impact on Divine Word University, University of Papua New Guinea and the University of the South Pacific journalism schools and reflects on the efficacy of international aid policies on media development in Oceania in the digital age." (Abstract)
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"Debates about the role of media in situations of political violence call into question whether journalists should focus on “objective” reporting or instead facilitate conflict resolution. Yet an increasingly problematic assumption is that journalists are outsiders to the communities in conflict
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, especially as aid agencies increase their funding for media development and journalism training in conflicted areas. By focusing on the situation facing journalists from Burma (Myanmar) living in exile in Thailand, this article explores the consequences of political violence on the development of indigenous journalism in a multiethnic state. Although influenced by the recent surge in foreign funding, these journalists struggle to develop a context-specific model for their work, calling into question the relevance of the dominant U.S. approach to “objectivity.” The contested nature of concepts such as unity, independence, and censorship in these often high-risk areas suggests the need for a more complex model of media development in contexts of political violence." (Abstract)
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"Christoph Hantel hat drei Jahre an einer mosambikanischen Universität Journalisten ausgebildet. In einer landesweiten Befragung ließ er ein Zehntel aller mosambikanischen Journalisten interviewen, sprach mit Herausgebern, Politikern und Dozenten und besuchte Medien und Ministerien. Er zeichnet ei
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n präzises Profil des journalistischen Tagesgeschäfts, stellt die staatsnahen und unabhängigen Medien vor, porträtiert und bewertet die Ausbildungsprogramme und lässt die Mosambikaner selbst zu Wort kommen: Welche Entwicklungen zeichnen sich in den Medien ab? Was müssen Journalisten wissen und können? Welche Demokratieform ist möglich?" (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"This paper has shown that media assistance donors to Central Europe misplaced their emphasis on the trainign of journalistic craft skills as a principal means of introducing what they rather uncritically called 'democratic journalism' to post-Communist societies. There are many narrative choices in
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telling stories, even news stories, and there are few convincing reasons to beleive that mainstream western news conventions are the most likely to contribute to democratic political culture." (Conclusion)
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"Newsroom managers throughout the Middle East recognize the need for improved standards among the region’s journalists, and training programs are proliferating. It’s no surprise that reporters in places like Iraq need to learn the most basic skills of the craft. But in the rich oil states of the
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Gulf the sheer diversity of newsrooms, where as many as a dozen nationalities work together, can pose problems as different journalistic cultures clash. All this has turned media training into a large and growing business, with governments and foundations underwriting training work carried out by NGOs, as well as by some of the media industry’s biggest names. Some, however, question the utility of it all. By some estimates as much as $30 million was spent on media training in the Balkans and, by some accounts, things are worse now than they were before the well-meaning Westerners arrived. Moreover, the training environment in the Middle East now involves many of those same players. So in the Middle East, it needs to be asked when the money is spent, what the trainees really will take back to their newsrooms." (Summary)
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"This review mission covers the period from the start of the Regional Training Programme in Environment Journalism and Communication in the Eastern African Region in February 2002 until September 2003. In other circumstances this would be referred as a pilot phase. The main conclusion of this review
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is that there are needs to focus, refine and reconsider objectives as well as the organizational structure and the development of quality in the implementation capacity of the programme to improve its efficiency and effectiveness." (Executive summary)
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