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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
10
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
7
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
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Islam and Communication
7
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
6
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
6
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
6
Freedom of Expression
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Twitter & Microblogs
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Media Law & Regulation
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Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Artificial Intelligence
4
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
Female Journalists & Media Workers
4
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
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Cinema
3
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
3
Media / Communication Control
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Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
3
Community Radios
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Conflicts and Media
3
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
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Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
3
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
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Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
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Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
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Algorithms & Big Data
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Racism in Communication & Media
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Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
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International Communication
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Journalism
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Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
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Local Communication & Media
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Media & Communication Policies
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Politics and Media
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Jihad
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Islamist Communications & Media
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Research Methods
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Al-Jazeera
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Access to Internet & Digital Communications
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Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
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Advertising
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Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
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Mobile Phone Use
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Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
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Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
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Arab Cinema, Middle Eastern Cinema
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Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
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Communication Rights
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Participatory Communication
2
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
2
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
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Extremist Recruitment through Media
2
Content Analysis (Research Method)
2
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
2
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
2
Cultural Identity
2
Development and Media
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Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
2
Digital Research Methods
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Internet
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Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
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Social Media in Political Communication
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Social Media
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Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
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LGBT & Communication / Media
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Romani People
2
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
2
Digital & Online Archives
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Political Parody and Satire
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Soap Operas & Telenovelas
2
Television Serials
2
Environmental Communication
2
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
2
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
2
Feminism & Communication
2
HIV / AIDS Communication
2
History of Media & Communication
2
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
2
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
2
Satellite Television
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Election Reporting
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Media, Mass Media
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Migrants & Refugees: Tailor-Made Media Products & Information Services
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
2
Democratization
2
Democracy / Democratization and Media
2
Independent & Oppositional Media
2
Political Communication
2
Political Transition and Media
2
Public Opinion
2
Religion and Communication
2
Judaism and Communication
2
Religious Populism
2
Commercial Television
2
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy Journalism
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Migrants & Refugees
1
Advocacy & Political Films
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
People with Disabilities: Advocacy & Empowerment
1
Agricultural Information & Extension
1
Audiences & Users
1
Audience Research Methods
1
Audience Research: Planning & Implementing Surveys
1
Community Radio Audiences & Use
1
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
1
Information Needs: Migrants
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Youth
1
Mobile Phone Use: Migrants & Refugees
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
1
Book Publishing Management
1
Children's Books & Literature
1
E-Books & Digital Book Publishing
1
Church History
1
Child Abuse: Digital Media
1
Political Cartoons & Comics
1
Religious Contents & Meanings in Cartoons & Comics
1
Christian Television
1
Digital & Social Media Pastoral
1
Aesthetics in Film & Visual Communication
1
Celebrities, Idols, Stars
1
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
1
Comedies
1
Crime Films
1
Science Fiction Films
1
Films
1
Screenwriting, Film Scriptwriting, TV Scriptwriting
1
Editorial Independence
1
Censorship
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
Government Propaganda
1
Local Government Communication Strategies
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Community Development: Role of Communication & Media
1
Community Informatics
1
Street Papers
1
Graffiti, Wall Paintings, Street Art
1
Storytelling
1
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
1
Conflicts: Victims' Perspectives
1
International Conflicts
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
1
Wars & Political Violence in Arts & Literature
1
Aesthetics in Media & Communication
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Cultural Heritage
1
Cultural Studies
1
Culture (General)
1
Digital Cultures
1
Hybrid Cultures, Hybridization
1
Literature
1
Poetry
1
Manuscripts, Scripture, Calligraphy
1
Media Cultures
1
Islamic Culture
1
Development Communication Education & Training
1
Development Communication Tools & Methods
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Edutainment Campaigns: Planning & Implementation
1
Edutainment Television Programmes
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Cybercrimes
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Healthcare & Information, Mobile Health, E-Health, Telemedicine
1
Digital Inclusion
1
Digital Media Startups
1
Digital & Information Literacy
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Internet Shutdowns
1
Electronic Commerce
1
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Online Radio, Internet Radio, Radio Streaming
1
Facebook
1
TikTok
1
Hashtags
1
Instagram
1
YouTube
1
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
1
Gender and ICTs / Internet
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
ICTs and Development
1
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
1
ICT4D Research
1
Information Society
1
Disadvantaged Groups & Communication, Minorities & Media
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
1
Effects of Disinformation on Democracy
1
Archives
1
Audio Archives, Visual Archives, Media Archives
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Music Industries & Markets
1
Media Market Transparency
1
Media Ownership
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Small Enterprises, Micro Businesses, Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)
1
Adult Education
1
Audiobooks & Audio Cassettes
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Sports Reporting
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Morals
1
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender Relations
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Women (General)
1
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
1
Women with Disabilities & Media
1
Good Practice Examples
1
Health Communication
1
Child Health, Mother & Child Care Communication
1
Counselling
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
Tuberculosis Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
History of Photography
1
Slavery, Slaves
1
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
1
Foreign Correspondents
1
Globalisation of Media
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
World Information and Communication Order
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
1
African Union (AU)
1
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
1
Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Local Journalism
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
News
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Sexual Abuse Reporting, Sexual Violence Reporting
1
Television Journalism
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
CFI (French Media Assistance Organization)
1
Media Assistance: Middle East
1
Communication
1
Communication Networks
1
Communication Processes
1
Information Exchange
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Press Landscapes
1
Licensing of Media
1
Media Governance
1
Religious Freedom
1
Knowledge Management
1
Diasporas
1
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Migration
1
Refugees / Displaced People
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
People with Disabilities: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Gandhi, Mohandas K. (1869-1948)
1
Photography
1
Politics
1
Elections
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Political Extremism
1
Populism
1
Right-Wing Extremism
1
Democracy
1
Framing
1
Political Television Programmes & Political Talkshows
1
Magazines
1
Newspapers
1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Satellite Radios
1
Helplines, Hotlines
1
Confucianism
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam
1
Islamism
1
Islamophobia
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Muslim Cinema & Film Representation of Islam
1
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
1
Muslim Television Broadcasting
1
Religion and Politics
1
Religious Authorities, Religious Leaders
1
Religious Television Programmes
1
Secularization & Atheism
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Digital Sources
1
Interviewing (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Quantitative Research Methods
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Rohingya
1
Social Change
1
Dalits
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Engineering
1
Informatics
1
Computers
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Open Source Software
1
Television Channels
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
Urban Issues: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Visual Communication
1
Design & Layout
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Infographics & Data Visualization
1
Visual Cultures
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

The Handbook of Conflict and Peace Communication

Hoboken; Chichester: Wiley Blackwell (2025), xxvi, 430 pp.
"This book offers an in-depth view of how intricate and intractable conflicts can be and how the communicative aspects of conflict are equally challenging. The author reviews and guides readers through classic and contemporary analysis in the field, providing a truly interdisciplinary work. Handbook ... more
"This article explores how Palestinian and Kashmiri civilians engage with the everyday reality of war. The focus is on understanding how citizens temporarily adopt the roles of war correspondents, contributing to the broader conflict narrative. Employing an inductive approach, the study integrates e ... more
"This paper sought to provide an account of the epistemic modes of Muqtada al-Sadr’s charisma production on hybrid media. It did so while engaging in a virtual ethnography of videographic content on Instagram and YouTube from Muqtada and his ostensible fan pages. The affective bond conceptual fram ... more
"Amid increasing threats and assaults against journalists across the globe, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province in northwest Pakistan remains one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. Whereas online harassment is increasingly affecting journalists, experiences of online harassment ... more
"If you're not paying for the product, then you are the product. In the past, colonialism was a landgrab of natural resources, exploitative labour and private property from developing countries. It made shiny promises to modernise and civilise, but actually sought to control. It made native populati ... more
"This study explores contemporary journalists’ autonomy and role in the Ethiopian contested media practice by taking journalists working in Amhara Media Corporation (AMC). A qualitative research approach was used to collect data from journalists and admin staff. For triangulation, this study combi ... more

Media and Democracy in the Middle East

London; New York: Routledge (2024), 176 pp.
"Since the outburst and spread of what was known as the ‘Arab Uprisings’ in 2010, the political and media landscapes in the Middle East region have dramatically changed. The initial hope for democratic change and governance quality improvements has faded, as several regimes in the Middle East ha ... more
"This study discusses the relationship among the various dimensions of populism, hate speech, and disinformation within the political discourse on X (formerly Twitter) in India and Pakistan. Employing manual content analysis, we examined 7,141 posts from both populist and non-populist political lead ... more
"Grounded in the intersections of culture, gender and occupation, this paper explores the challenges and barriers faced by “elite” Pakistani women working in a journalistic profession steeped in male dominance shaped by patriarchal values. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with nine ... more
"This study examines the portrayal of Syrians on Turkish Twitter between January and August 2021 through a big data analysis of more than 30,000 tweets. We employ the concept of online toxicity to differentiate between disinformation and hate speech and explore how they are embedded in the negative ... more
"This state-of-the-art Handbook provides unique insights into the governance practices and institutions shaping digitalized public spheres. Focusing on the power relations involved, it presents diverse approaches to key debates in media and communication governance, showcasing groundbreaking advance ... more
"More than a dozen experts provide deep insights in stories, research reports, and geographical studies of digital literacy and inclusion models, all from a multi-disciplinary perspective that includes engineering, social sciences, and education. Digital Literacy and Inclusion also highlights a show ... more
"Should the media stand by refugees or maintain deliberate ‘neutrality’? Should the media dehumanize the refugees further in their humanitarian conditions? Are the media entitled to publish photographs of refugees without informed consent? Should the media stand by the state being responsible fo ... more

Handbook on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence

Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing (2024), ix, 326 pp.
"This engaging Handbook critically examines the moral opportunities and challenges surrounding artificial intelligence. It provides a comprehensive overview of the most pressing problems concerning this technology by drawing on a wide range of analytical methods, traditions and approaches. Advocatin ... more
"A survey was conducted on 446 newspaper journalists working in Karachi, who do journalism in Sindhi, Urdu, and English languages, to understand the reasons for their job quitting. The findings revealed that low salaries, job insecurity, and inconvenient administrative policies are why journalists l ... more
"This study explores how regional journalists in Pakistan conceptualize journalistic professionalism, how they perceive their journalistic identities, and how local socio-political and economic realities shape their professional identification. Analysis of interviews with 33 journalists working in P ... more

Handbook on Small Satellites

Geneva: ITU, 2023 edition (2023), viii, 200 pp.
"In the field of small satellites, the technical and capital barriers to entry are often low, and small satellite development can be more affordable and rapid for various entities (start-ups, universities, research institutions, etc.) due to their lower cost, simpler design, flexible launching requi ... more
"The article analyzes the state of journalism in Libya, at the intersection between two phenomena: its transformations due to digitization and the specific role of information in unstable areas – so to speak, the encounter between the crisis of journalism and the crisis journalism. Given the ampli ... more
"This paper explores the factors constraining public service and commercial television channels in constituting the public sphere in Ethiopia. It focuses on three television stations and their respective programs, such as the Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation’s Ethiopian television (ETV)’s Medr ... more