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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
6
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
5
Democracy / Democratization and Media
5
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
4
Digital & Information Literacy
3
Social Media in Political Communication
3
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
3
Journalism Education & Training
3
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
3
Media & Information Literacy
3
Access to Media & Information
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
2
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
2
Christian Television
2
Freedom of Expression
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Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
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Blogging, Blogs
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Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
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Satellite Television
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Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
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Election Reporting
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Media Assistance
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Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
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Media Law & Regulation
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Political Transition and Media
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Watchdog Role of the Media
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Al-Jazeera
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Non-Western Communication Approaches
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Media Advocacy, Media Activism
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Audiences & Users
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Internet & Social Media Use: Women
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Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
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Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
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Children's Books & Literature
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Télé Lumière (Catholic Television Channel, Lebanon)
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Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
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Religious Contents & Meanings in Cartoons & Comics
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National Cinemas, National Film Production
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Communication Rights
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Editorial Independence
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Media / Communication Control
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Crisis Communication
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Boko Haram
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Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
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Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
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Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
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Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
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War Reporting
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Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
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Good Governance
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Development and Media
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Influence of Media on Development Aid
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Digital Political Communication
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Digital Media Markets
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Social Media
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Facebook
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TikTok
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AI in Journalism & Media
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Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
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Media Ownership
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1
Audiovisual Media in Education
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Addiction to Media & Video Games, Effects of Media on Mental Health
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Journalism Ethics
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Journalism Education Curricula
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Journalistic Quality
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
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1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
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Media & Communication Policies
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Media Literacy: Curricula
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Media Literacy: Youth
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
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Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
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Democratization
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Politics and Media
1
Agenda Setting
1
Election Campaigns: Social Media
1
Framing
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Public Spheres
1
Public Media, State Media
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam and Communication
1
Muslim Television Broadcasting
1
Telecommunication Infrastructure
1
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
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Visual Cultures
1
Youth Activism, Youth Civic Engagement, Youth Political Interests, Youth Protests
1
Youth & Digital Media
1
Youth Media
1
Language
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Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
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"This article introduces and examines a hierarchical model of influences that identifies the variables affecting the watchdog role of journalists at three levels: the societal (press freedom and democracy), the organizational (media ownership), and the individual (editorial autonomy and perceived in ... more

Satellite Ministries: The Rise of Christian Television in the Middle East

New York: Oxford University Press (2025), xxx, 337 pp.
"Through extensive fieldwork and archival research, Febe Armanios explores how Western evangelicals and indigenous Christians harnessed terrestrial and satellite technologies to promote Christian television in the Middle East. The sixteen channels analyzed in this study fall into three main categori ... more
"This handbook critically analyzes cross-border news production and "transnational journalism cultures" in the evolving field of cross-border journalism. As the era of the internet hasfurther expanded the border-transcending production, dissemination and reception of news, and with transnational co- ... more
"Ghana has made tremendous progress regarding freedom of expression and access to information since the inception of the Fourth Republic. Looking back to a firmly rooted history of democratic practice, the country has a vibrant and free media environment regulated by an independent body and supporte ... more
"The research data reveal that Sudan at the time had at least 10 media-related laws in place that do not meet international standards. At the same time, the country had the benefit of an infrastructure of 30 institutions offering media education and training. Sudan has an opportunity to restructure ... more
"This study uses TikTok as a novel medium to extend the literature on online activism. It adds to the emergent body of knowledge about playful political participation among youth. It also explores how creative micro-videos can be a force to create momentum and shape opinions around social and politi ... more
"This article shows how Information and Communication Technology (ICT), incorporating social media, can lead to accountability and transparency in a government's budget. Specifically, it examined how a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) used ICT t ... more
"Today, a variety of gender-based threats and discrimination continue to characterize journalism. Both male and female journalists are prone to online and offline threats, casual stereotypes in their routine work, and discrimination (especially in terms of job opportunities, promotion, and pay-scale ... more
"This book explores the role and place of popular, traditional and digital media platforms in the mediatization, representation and performance of various conflicts and peacebuilding interventions in the African context. The role of the media in conflict is often depicted as either 'good' (as symbol ... more

Routledge Handbook on Arab Media

London; New York: Routledge (2021), 528 pp.
"This Handbook provides the first comprehensive reference book in English about the development of mass and social media in all Arab countries. Capturing the historical as well as current developments in the media scene, this collection maps the role of media in social and political movements. Contr ... more

Silencing the Media and Chaining the Watchdog: Threats to Journalist Safety During Elections in Nigeria

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 214-240
"Over the last two decades, Nigeria has been struggling to consolidate its democratic processes to ensure peaceful campaigns and free and fair polls. But electoral processes require the free flow of verified electoral information and citizen's part ... more

Supporting Safety of Journalists in Iraq: An Assessment Based on UNESCO's Journalists' Safety Indicators

Paris: UNESCO;International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) (2019), 71 pp.
"This book focuses on the reporting of human rights in broadly defined times of conflict. It brings together scholarly and professional perspectives on the role of the media in constructing human rights and peacebuilding options in conflict and post-conflict environments, drawing on case studies fro ... more
"The volume digs beneath the standardised and universalised veneer of professionalism to unpack routine practices and normative trends shaped by local factors, including the structural conditions of deprivation, entrenched political instability (and interference), pervasive neo-patrimonial governanc ... more
"At the forefront in its field, this Handbook examines the theoretical, conceptual, pedagogical and methodological development of media literacy education and research around the world. Building on traditional media literacy frameworks in critical analysis, evaluation, and assessment, it incorporate ... more
"Culture and Crisis Communication presents an examination of how politics, culture, religion, and other social issues affect crisis communication and management in nonwestern countries. From intense human tragedy to the follies of the rich, the chapters examine how companies, organizations, news out ... more
"The Companion is the first collection to bring together two distinct ways of thinking about human rights and media, including scholarship that examines media as a human right alongside that which looks at media coverage of human rights issues. This international collection of 49 newly written piece ... more
"This book probes the vitality, potentiality and ability of new communication and technological changes to drive online-based civil action across Africa. In a continent booming with mobile innovation and a plethora of social networking sites, the Internet is considered a powerful platform used by pr ... more
"This book investigates the role of citizen journalism in railroading social and political changes in sub-Saharan Africa. Case studies are drawn from research conducted by leading scholars from the fields of media studies, journalism, anthropology and history, who uniquely probe the real impact of t ... more