"Using low-Cost videos within your agricultural development project can be an effective way for increasing the scale of your activities by leveraging the expertise of local experts and farmers for a broader audience. Since the videos may be created
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in the field by your staff, the cost will be lower than professionally produced videos, and the turnaround time from concept to final product will likely be much faster. Given the cost and time benefits, you will also likely be able to create many more videos than you would be able to do otherwise. Also, if you find that one of your videos is not having the desired impact, it is much less expensive to create a newer, more effective video than it would be using a professional videographer. Last, producing videos with local stakeholders will likely increase local ownership of content, empower local farmers by giving them a voice, and increase local exposure to ICT tools." (Introduction, page ix-x)
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"This guide is designed for reporters and editors who already have some experience covering business and finance. The goal is to help journalists develop stories that examine how a company is governed, and spot events that may have serious conseque
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nces for the company’s survival, shareholders and stakeholders. Topics include the media’s role as a watchdog, how the board of directors functions, what constitutes good practice, what financial reports reveal, what role shareholders play and how to track down and use information shedding light on a company’s inner workings. Journalists will learn how to recognize “red flags,” or warning signs, that indicate whether a company may be violating laws and rules. Tips on reporting and writing guide reporters in developing clear, balanced, fair and convincing stories." (Page 5)
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"The report on public broadcasting in Cameroon, observes that the country although has a strong track record of media liberalization since the dawn of the millennium, but despite its more than 80 radio and five national television stations challeng
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es remain. Cameroon’s record of upholding press freedom needs to be improved. It also argues that stringent regulatory frameworks currently in place do not encourage a vibrant media environment and falls far short of continental standards and commitments, to which the government is a party to. The report calls for urgent media and legislative reforms that conform to its Constitution, which on paper guarantees the freedom of expression and press, but in practice contradicts such rights. The report urges policy and law makers to repeal and replace such laws as the Freedom of Mass Communications law so as to guarantee freedom of expression and press, thus aligning Cameroon’s media polices with continental instruments such as the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa." (www.afrimap.org)
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"‘Killer facts’ are those punchy, memorable, headline-grabbing statistics that make reports special. They cut through the technicalities to fire people up about changing the world. They are picked up and repeated endlessly by the media and politicians. They are known as ‘killer’ facts becaus
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e if they are really effective, they ‘kill off’ the opposition’s arguments. The right killer fact can have more impact than the whole of a well-researched report."
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"Aid work in relation to conflict and peace is often based on approaches, strategies and tactics that are rooted in theories of change (understandings about why particular inputs or activities are expected to achieve intended results [outputs, outcomes and impacts]) that are unstated or ill-defined.
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They are embedded in the skills and approaches of individual practitioners and peacebuilding organisations, their capacities and technologies, attachments to favourite methodologies, and the perspectives of different stakeholders about conflict and peace. In the imaginary example of an anti-bias peace programme for journalists in Annex C, one question would be how the planned workshops, consciousness raising, and skills development might actually change conflict reporting. The programme could track the language used in reporting before and after the effort and also survey public attitudes. At the same time, it could see whether the activities were achieving the expected results – or if unexpected obstacles appeared. For instance, it might turn out that individual journalists have very little influence over the use of inflammatory language and that editors determine the use of such language to boost sales. That outcome would suggest that the “theory”, about inducing changes in reporting by training journalists, was flawed. One related task is to identify the sources of theories. Are they a) based on experience (the programme designers’ personal and professional experience or that of the stakeholders and beneficiaries consulted during programme design); or b) research-based? Evaluation can contribute to improving the design and implementation of ongoing programmes." (Page 80)
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"In addition to reducing geographical isolation,distance education, thanks to its more favourable cost structure, allows the monitoring of social and economic remoteness.It may thus have much to offer for developing countries. Digital technologies not only bring remote populations closer, they also
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permit the development of adapted and diversified pedagogical models, with an economic approach aiming at more than just economies of scale. In this book, Christian Depover and François Orivel examine some of the ways developing countries - in particular on the African continent, where needs often exceed resources - might benefit from distance education. The authors give particular attention to the development of higher education, its quality, productivity, and cost control." (Back cover)
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"This chapter sets out the history, process, and experience of an attempt to identify potential centers of excellence in journalism education in Africa. The methodology drew from journalism education systems in the United States, the United Kingdom and a
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number of French speaking countries, but also tried to identify the specifically African components in assessments of educational "excellence." The project began in earnest in 2006, but, in truth, the ambition has a considerably longer history." (Introduction, page 33)
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"Multilingualism is an important aspect of African urban life, also of the lives of students in Dakar. While the students usually write monolingual texts, mainly in French, their text messages involve the use of African languages too, in particular
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of the majority language Wolof, as well as Arabic and English, often mixed in one and the same message. With the rapid rise in the use of mobile phones, texting is becoming increasingly central as a means of communication for the students, and the social network with whom they text is growing. This working paper investigates texting as literacy practices, putting the accent on language choices: what role do they play in constructing these new practices? What are the motivations and the functions of the students’ languages choices? The analysis is based on six months of fieldwork in Dakar, during which I collected 496 SMS and interviewed and observed the 15 students who had sent and received the messages. I will focus on the practices of three of the students: Baba Yaro, a Fula-speaker born outside Dakar who has come to the Senegalese capital to undertake his studies, Christine, a Joola-speaker born in Dakar, and the Wolof-speaker Ousmane, from the suburb. I argue that in order to manage relationships and express different aspects of their identity, the students both exploit and challenge dominant language attitudes in their texting." (Abstract)
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"The media intervention programs and training initiatives for Arabs reflect hegemonies and dependencies. Taking into consideration the absence of a public cinema infrastructure in the Arab World and thus the lack of institutional representation or
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backing for film-makers leads one to question to what degree the director can control her/his story. Or in other words, to what extent the films, which are read as national works, can reflect debates or atmospheres in their country of origin at all? The decoding of films, not only from the Middle East, is in many cases national, as the case of Paradise Now showed. Critics’ reactions to Waltz with Bashir suggest that the reading of the film is connected to the actual political experience within the region versus political assumptions about it, a rather regional reading. An aspect entirely missing in the Western decoding process of films from the Middle East is the question who was involved in the encoding. The critics, who translate the film to the wider audience, focus on the films’ subjects or manipulations, rather than on the economic and institutional backing of the creation and thus interests behind it. After completing the film it is solely the director who has to defend the work as a statement from and about her/his country. Regardless of formal ownership and the involvement of co-producing states these films are marketed as documents from and about the country in which the story takes place. The majority of co-productions by directors from the Middle East, like the majority of films produced at all, get little attention. It is the films with international recognition, be it by box office numbers or debates that are remembered. One could easily assume that Paradise Now will become part of a Palestinian collective memory. Yet, without physical archives in the Arab countries, and Palestine not even being a state, how long will the co-produced movies be accessible as part of cultural heritage? In French and German archives the film rolls will be stored and made accessible, it is in Europe where Arabs will still have to look for their cultural memory in the distant future." (Conclusion, page 11-12)
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"The first part of this publication provides insight into the media development practices and policy frameworks of France, Germany, Norway and the United Kingdom while the second part deals with different issues and projects, such as the role of media for social transformation in Africa and coordina
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tion of international donors and implementers. The contributions to this publication indicate a broad mutual understanding of the role of, and strategies for, media development. Four common characteristics can be highlighted. First, media assistance is seen as an integral part of democracy support, mainly due to the role of media as a guarantor of accountability and platform for public discourse. Second, media assistance requires not only journalism training, but a sector approach including all levels of the media sector, as professional editorial and financial management, capable professional associations, and an enabling regulatory environment. Third, financial sustainability is of paramount importance for a functioning independent media sector, and media development cooperation must become more active in this area. Fourth, closer cooperation and partnerships among donors and implementers should be encouraged." (Executive summary)
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"A collection of essays from scholars around the globe examining the ethical issues and problems associated with some of the major areas within contemporary international communication: journalism, PR, marketing communication, and political rhetori
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c." (Publisher description)
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"All stories about an ordinary person who becomes the victim of abuse require extra sensitivity, because survivors of abuse – whether the abuse is physical, emotional or political – are usually survivors of a traumatic event. There are many kin
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ds of traumatic events. A terrible car crash, an earthquake, and a war can all be traumatic events. In this guide, we will focus on trauma caused by violence – civil or political unrest, war, genocide, communal violence, domestic violence, and sexual violence. Experiencing a traumatic event affects survivors in many ways. Journalists should be aware of these effects because they will also affect how journalists can – and should – work. This guide will give working journalists concrete tools for understanding the effects of trauma and for conducting sensitive reporting and writing on trauma stories. It is written for group use and for self-study." (Page 2)
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"Linked by mobile telephony and supported by geographical information systems, civil society networks now have unprecedented opportunities to develop security-monitoring programs, provide information needed for effective health care, create banking services, and provide farmers with market informati
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on. Remarkably innovative uses of mobile communications, often paired with radio broadcasting, have created entirely new types of institutions that promote transparency, accountability, and security. These evolving institutions are often organic to Africa and pegged to the immediate needs of the communities they serve. Technology innovation centers, created and staffed by African engineers and technicians, are leading the way in developing solutions to longstanding problems. Mobile phones are now irrevocable features of African life, and high-speed Internet connectivity soon will be too. While the new information technologies can, at times, be used for less positive purposes, including crime and politically motivated violence, on the whole they are enhancing human security and sustainable economic development across the continent. As with all technology, on their own they are politically neutral. The key to realizing the positive potential in new technologies in Africa is found in focusing on the human motivations behind them. Policy initiatives, therefore, should focus on encouraging the development of applications that aim to improve human security, accountability, and transparency." (Executive summary)
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The guide includes details about media synergy strategies in which journalists from different media organisations of a country collaborate and network with each other at different stages in the electoral process to ensure responsible and effective
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coverage of the elections. Media synergy strategies were used in the 2005 and 2010 elections in Burundi and the 2010 election in Guinea.
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"This manual provides a guide to basic methods and techniques of investigative journalism, and it consciously fills a gap in the literature of the profession. The majority of investigative manuals
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devote a lot of space to the subject of where to find information. They assume that once a reporter finds the information he or she seeks, he or she will be able to compose a viable story. We do not share that assumption. We do not think that the basic issue is finding information. Instead, we think the core task is telling a story. That leads to the basic methodological innovation of this manual: We use stories as the cement which holds together every step of the investigative process, from conception to research, writing, quality control and publication. We also call this approach hypothesis-based inquiry, because we begin by formulating the story we hope to write as a hypothesis that will be verified or disproved." (Introduction, page 2)
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"These first chapters form the core of what is planned as a growing guide to investigative journalism over the next two years. To begin, we have assembled the basics: definitions of the field and some key techniques and resources. We will add to th
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ese over time a series of supplements dealing with investigative work in particular fields – such as politics or health – or particular countries, or types of institution. All will be available free to read and work from on the internet." (How to use these chapters)
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"On trouvera également une introduction qui replace le journalisme d’investigation dans le contexte de la tradition du journalisme professionnel en Afrique, une section consacrée à la manière d’utiliser les manuels dont le but est de fourni
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r aux étudiants ou à ceux qui utilisent ce matériel en autodidacte des pistes et des tuyaux de base, ainsi qu’une liste d’ouvrages, de ressources et de liens à caractère général. Des chapitres traitant plus spécifiquement de certains aspects ou domaines du journalisme d’investigation viendront s’y ajouter au cours des deux prochaines années. (L’un d’eux, sur le journalisme d’investigation dans le domaine de la santé, est déjà disponible). Les chapitres renferment toutes les informations nécessaires pour permettre à une personne de se servir de cette série comme d’un manuel de base sur le journalisme d’investigation: exercices, pistes et tuyaux et listes d’ouvrages complémentaires ou liens pour en apprendre davantage. Chaque chapitre est un mélange de manuel et de manuel d’instructions/journal intime. Les utilisateurs font des exercices et des « devoirs », et il leur est recommandé de garder trace de leurs réactions aux idées et arguments développés dans le texte." (Notes à l’intention des formateurs)
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"This book offers an accessible introduction to the topic of impact evaluation and its practice in development. Although the book is geared principally toward development practitioners and policy makers, we trust that it will be a valuable resource
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for students and others interested in impact evaluation. Prospective impact evaluations assess whether or not a program has achieved its intended results or test alternative strategies for achieving those results. We consider that more and better impact evaluations will help strengthen the evidence base for development policies and programs around the world [...] The three parts in this handbook provide a nontechnical introduction to impact evaluations, discussing what to evaluate and why in part 1; how to evaluate in part 2; and how to implement an evaluation in part 3. These elements are the basic tools needed to successfully carry out an impact evaluation." (Preface)
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"Is it conceivable that there may be an autonomous evolution of digital publications in developing countries, entirely independent of the richest nations? What support policies could be implemented to promote the growth of this new industry and accompany traditional actors in the process of adapting
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to the changes involved? The digital experiences undertaken in the South suggest that new technologies represent a great opportunity for developing countries - particularly in terms of diffusion -, but on the condition that local entrepreneurs seek out original models adapted to the concrete needs of their communities." (Back cover)
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