"The term ‘digital skills’ refers to a range of different abilities, many of which are not only ‘skills’ per se, but a combination of behaviours, expertise, know-how, work habits, character traits, dispositions and critical understandings. These skills and competencies are interconnected and
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broadly complementary. They are also, in today’s technology-saturated communities, foundational to full participation in society and, as such, need to be developed and refined over time and according to the personal and professional circumstances of individuals. Countries are increasingly seeking to map and define digital skills and competencies that change constantly because of technological advancements. These flexible maps and definitions provide a basis for the development of inclusive, equitable and sustainable educational interventions." (Executive summary)
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"Under the heading “Inclusive, independent media in a new democracy”, the 5th annual Myanmar Media Development Conference took place 7 – 8 November 2016 in Yangon, the first to be held under the new democratically elected government. The conference featured government representatives, media ow
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ners, human rights activists, and media practitioners from different ethnic backgrounds. A less stringent, hardtalk-like format paved the way for a less formal and more frank discussion than that of previous years. Gender inequality in media and the challenges of ethnic and community media were at the heart of discussions, where Minister of Information, U Pe Myint, expressed continued commitment to the media reform process. “This year’s meeting theme recognises that for media to develop, the country’s diverse voices, in terms of gender and ethnicity, must also be considered.” The exceptionally high turnout of more than 300 representatives from the media, government, military, judiciary, civil society and international press freedom organisations at the meeting was, if anything, a clear illustration of the continued sense of importance invested in the media reform process in Myanmar." (Page 7)
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"This study, which covers 121 UNESCO Member States, represents a global benchmarking of journalistic source protection in the Digital Age. It focuses on developments during the period 2007-2015. The legal frameworks that support protection of journ
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alistic sources, at international, regional and country levels, are under significant strain in 2015. They are increasingly at risk of erosion, restriction and compromise - a development that is seen to represent a direct challenge to the established universal human rights of freedom of expression and privacy, and one that especially may constitute a threat to the sustainability of investigative journalism. In many of the countries examined in this Study, it was found that legal source protection frameworks are being actually or potentially: overridden by national security and anti-terrorism legislation; undercut by surveillance – both mass and targeted; jeopardised by mandatory data retention policies and pressure applied to third party intermediaries - like ISPs, telcos, search engines, social media platforms - to release data which risks exposing sources; outdated when it comes to regulating the collection and use of digital data, such as whether information recorded without consent is admissible in a court case against either a journalist or a source; and whether digitally stored material gathered by journalistic actors is covered by existing source protection laws." (Executive summary)
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"This report takes a look at a selection of the innovative, successful ways media companies, individual journalists and civil society organizations are coming together to improve journalist safety. These are cases of people taking the initiative, of acting on behalf of the profession, of not sitting
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back as disempowered victims. The report is not an overview of all the work that is being done in this domain. It is not full of statistics and data. It is, instead, a collection of stories, told in the words of the motivated people who are dedicated to protecting courageous journalists with pro-active measures to make them safer." (Introduction, page 9)
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"Ce rapport met en lumière une sélection de voies et moyens novateurs et efficaces grâce auxquels des entreprises de presse, des journalistes et des organisations de la société civile se regroupent pour améliorer la sécurité des journalistes. Ce sont des cas de gens qui prennent des initiati
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ves d’agir en faveur de la profession et se refusent de s’asseoir en victimes impuissantes. Le rapport n’est pas une pas une vue d’ensemble du travail accompli dans ce domaine. Il n’est pas truffé de statistiques et de données. C’est plutôt un recueil d’histoires, racontées dans les termes des personnes concernées dévouées à protéger des journalistes courageux par des moyens dynamiques censés les mettre à l’abri." (Introduction, page 9)
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"Este informe presenta una selección de las formas innovadoras y exitosas por las cuales los medios de comunicación, sus profesionales y las organizaciones sociales se están agrupando para mejorar la seguridad de los periodistas. Estos son casos de personas que han tomado la iniciativa, en nombre
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de la profesión, de no quedarse de brazos cruzados como víctimas indefensas. Este informe no es un pantallazo de todo el trabajo que se está llevando a cabo en este campo. No está lleno de estadísticas ni datos. En cambio, es una colección de historias, contadas con las palabras de la gente motivada que se dedica a proteger a los valerosos periodistas tomando medidas para que su profesión sea más segura." (Introducción, página 9)
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"Targeted towards journalists and media professionals, this handbook is designed to provide key information and encourage reflection on the way that terrorism is covered in the media. Based upon advice from leading institutions and experts, and filled with examples, it explores the professional chal
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lenges and ethical dilemmas inherent in terrorism reporting, and poses fundamental questions about what the impact of current treatment may be on social cohesion and the prevalence of fear in society. Topics covered: journalistic “framing” of terrorism; the balance between freedom, security and responsibility; ethical issues; the challenges of fear, hate and generalisation; handling figures, images and words; coverage of attacks and hostage situations; management of social media; relations with victims, authorities and terrorists; security of journalists." (Back cover)
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"The second chapter is devoted to the public service media as producers, commissioners, distributors, disseminators and mediators of high-quality cultural content. The author has been able to identify many substantial improvements in the legislative base for media freedom and diversity, as governmen
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ts update their public service media goals and systems. She notes that creativity and diversity in both the public service and private media are being enhanced through quota regulations, currently applied by 90 countries around the world. New policy frameworks adapted to the digital context are beginning to respond to the challenges of horizontal and vertical media convergence. Yet gaps remain. Notably, there is an overriding need for a forward-looking public service media policy model that serves the needs of all individuals and groups and responds to changes in public thinking as well as processes of convergence." (Executive summary, page 14)
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"The overall conclusion is that there is an urgent need to address the specific legal framework and major technical and financial challenges identified in this study to ensure pluralism and media diversity in the Kingdom of Swaziland." (Page 10)
"Destiné aux journalistes et aux professionnels des médias, ce manuel vise à fournir des informations clés et à encourager une réflexion sur le traitement du terrorisme dans et par les médias. Fondé sur des conseils d’experts et d’institutions de renom, émaillé de nombreux exemples, il
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explore les défis professionnels et les dilemmes éthiques de la couverture du terrorisme, et pose des questions fondamentales sur l’impact de ce traitement sur la cohésion sociale et la prévalence de la peur dans la société. Sujets abordés : le « cadrage » journalistique du terrorisme; l’équilibre entre la liberté, la sécurité et la responsabilité; les enjeux éthiques; les défis de la peur, des amalgames et de la haine; le traitement des chiffres, des images et des mots; la couverture d’attentats et de prises d’otages; a gestion des réseaux sociaux; les rapports avec les victimes, les pouvoirs et les terroristes; la sécurité des journalistes." (Dos de couverture)
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"The research in these pages covers the theory around multistakeholder participation in Internet governance through a review of relevant literature. It also analyses case studies from Kenya to Brazil, South Korea, and the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), which illustrate how multistakeholder approac
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hes to Internet governance are applied in practice in diverse places and on different issues. In two of these cases, the outcome had legal repercussions that advanced the role of the Internet in terms of respect for rights; in the other two, the impact was positive for wider norms and processes." (Foreword, page 6)
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"We have noted profound transformations in the field of media freedom, which is making progress in certain areas, but losing ground in others. Media freedom is limited in particular by many legal restrictions on the right to impart information and ideas, although progress is being made with regard t
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o legal guarantees to seek and receive information. With regard to media pluralism, the last five years have seen a considerable increase in the number of sources of information. Yet the concentration of ownership of media companies and Internet services raises major concerns. The filtering effects of social media, which create “bubbles” in which people do not access the truth or “points of view” they consider “irritating” or “inappropriate” is one example. Another is the manipulation and dissemination of false information by propaganda mouthpieces. There has also been a hiatus in the progress of gender equality in content and staffing. Trends show that media independence is weakening and the professional standards of journalism are being eroded by economic forces on the one hand and lack of recognition by political actors on the other. Media and Internet companies are increasingly aware of the need for self-regulation. Finally, with regard to the physical, psychological and digital safety of journalists, trends remain extremely alarming, although implementation of the United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity offers hope. There is new momentum for mechanisms to monitor, prevent, protect and strengthen justice for crimes against journalists." (Foreword, page 10-11)
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"The idea of rules limiting concentration of media ownership is often cast by media owners as a restriction on their right to freedom of expression. Unfortunately, the behaviour of States in Latin America has often lent support to this perspective, especially when States abuse for political ends the
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ir power to provide for regulation of the media. International law has a clear answer to both of these problems. By protecting the rights of both the speaker and the listener, international law provides an alternative view of the claim that limits on media ownership are simply restrictions on freedom of expression. Instead, by promoting a plurality of voices in the public sphere, such limits enhance the right of listeners to receive a diversity of information and ideas, which is essential to the exercise of full citizenship, political participation, robust cultural expression and many other important values in society. Thus what at first blush may appear as a restriction on the expressive rights of speakers is also a form of protection for the freedom of expression rights of listeners." (Conclusion)
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"Based on a bibliometric and scientific study of research conducted in Europe, North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, the Arab world, parts of Africa and Asia on the links between the use of social media and the phenomena of radicalization, the Report analyzes more than 550 studies published i
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n scientific literature and “grey literature”, covering outputs in English (260), French (196) and Arabic (96). It shows that very little research has focused on the effective role of the use of social media in violent radicalization. Although many articles deal with electronic strategies and the use of the Internet and online social media for recruitment, there are very few empirical studies that describe and examine the real effects of these strategies on youth, and they rarely examine gender aspects. The Report examines the specificities of online prevention initiatives: counter/alternative narratives and media information literacy (MIL). Several formal and informal MIL initiatives have been implemented around the world according to MIL as a pedagogical practice with a specific set of skills that can respond to narratives of anger and revenge." (Executive summary, page 5)
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"Safety of Journalists: A Model Course for the Arab States is a significant instalment in our UNESCO Series on Journalism Education. Developed in partnership with the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), the publication responds to the di
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fficult situation of many journalists working in the Arab States region. Reflecting the vulnerability of such journalists, the Director-General’s 2016 Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity records that this region registered the highest number of journalists’ killings – 78 deaths in all – in 2014-2015." (Abstract)
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"Seventy one percent of Palestinian youth say that they are most interested in following local news and events, 14% are most interested in following regional and international news and events, while 15% don’t follow the news at all. New media platorms are utlized the most by youth in the case of a
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ll types of news and programmes they were asked about. Youth use new media the most when it comes to social programmes (60%), followed by sports programmes (57%) and economic programmes (55%). The highest use of TV corresponds to politcal programmes (42%), followed by sports programmes (38%). Radio is stll being followed, but at a much lower percentage, while print media is hardly being followed." (Key findings, page 9)
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"This guide is driven by the need not to add to the library of information on violent extremism but to underscore a message often missed: to reach young people effectively, we must respect their ability to grasp the reality of injustice, intolerance, and inequity [...] we found that three key messag
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es emerged from our analysis of all Youth Contributor submissions. For each key message, we have identified a corresponding framework to guide policy support to empower stakeholders.
1. Peace, empathy, and compassion cannot be taught. These are skills that are only fully realized through experiential learning and lived experience.
Policy Action: Provide opportunities for exchange and interaction and create conducive environments in which young people can develop and practice these skills.
2. Start now. Stakeholders can take immediate and important actions, even small actions, to support a culture that prevents violent extremism. No one needs to wait for permission or a comprehensive set of instructions.
Policy Action: Provide resources such as technical support, financing, guidance, and networks to empower actors.
3. This is a long, slow process. Preventing violent extremism requires the development of a resilient culture. It is the work of expanding opportunity. All stakeholders can play critical roles in making this culture a reality." (Preface, page 10-11)
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