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UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Peru: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 4 pp.

"UNESCO organized several meetings with high-level representatives from the Peruvian government, including the judicial branch and the Prosecutor’s Office, along with civil society and media syndicates. This initiative also relied on cooperation ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Afghanistan: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 5 pp.

"To ensure the survival of Afghanistan’s media sector after the regime change, reprogrammed funding from the MDP and the Global Media Defence Fund (GMDF) provided emergency support t o independent Afghan media outlets that had seen their viability disrupted as a result of the crisis. Through this, ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Lebanon: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 6 pp.

"The MDP’s response to these urgent needs was twofold: assisting Lebanese media in overcoming the viability crisis caused by the Beirut blasts, and countering the deterioration of freedom of expression and of the safety of journalists, while also maintaining previous efforts to raise awareness on ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Somalia: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 5 pp.

"Under the MDP, UNESCO has since 2018 coordinated actions with other development partners through the Somalia Media Sector Group (SMSG) to advocate for improvements in the media legislative framework and to support the implementation of the Somalia ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Syria: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 5 pp.

"A decade after the beginning of the civil war, Syria remains among the most dangerous environments for journalists and media workers. Between 2011 and 2021, UNESCO’s Observatory recorded 113 killings of journalists. In its 2021 report, covering the years between 2011 and 2020, the Syrian Center f ... or Media and Freedom of Expression (SCM) recorded 1,670 documented cases of media freedom violations committed by a variety of national and foreign actors. These include killings, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance and kidnapping, attacks on media headquarters, forced resignations, expulsions and deportations, as well as physical and verbal attacks. The Syrian media landscape is characterized by its polarization and sectarianism, which severely limits the Syrian population’s access to independent and reliable information. A multiplication of media outlets has been noted in recent years, but these are generally under heavy pressure to support the dominant faction in their area. As a result, Syrians are often exposed to highly partial media content, as well as to varying degrees of inflammatory hate speech. In zones controlled by the Syrian government, information is controlled by the State press agency, and media must obtain authorization from the Ministry of Information to operate. UNESCO’s response to these challenges has therefore been twofold: firstly, actions have focused on monitoring hate speech in Syrian media content in order to produce recommendations to counter it and thus prevent it from escalating conflict and hatred. Secondly, an action plan for the safety of Syrian journalists has been developed through multi-stakeholder consultations, which was completed by the development of a safety curriculum for Syrian journalism schools. UNESCO thus upscaled advocacy towards the prevention of hate speech in Syrian media through a monitoring project which started in 2017 and enabled the production of two monitoring studies in 2018 and 2020. In July 2019, the project brought together representatives of Syrian media at a meeting in Paris to discuss the outcomes of the first round of monitoring, which resulted in a consensus to put an end to this phenomenon and identify steps to curb it." (Page 2) more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Ethiopia: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 5 pp.

"Various media freedom NGOs have noted that progress achieved in 2019 in terms of freedom of expression and of the media was disrupted by a series of internet shutdowns as well as by an anti-hate speech law adopted in 2020, whose vague provisions have drawn criticism from specialized observers. Furt ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Zambia: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 4 pp.

"In an effort to support the smooth running of the 2021 General Elections, Zambia was integrated as a target country under the MDP. In partnership with MISA Zambia, UNESCO supported local journalists and editors to enhance their capacities on mis/d ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Sudan: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 6 pp.

"Sudan’s transitional authorities expressed a strong political commitment to reform laws and policies relative to freedom of expression, media freedom and access to information. This was notably demonstrated by the suspension of old laws limiting freedom of expression, as well as by the signing of ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Palestine: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 8 pp.

"The MDP has made the safety of Palestinian journalists one of its priority areas of intervention. Building on a series of training courses and open dialogues organized by UNESCO with support from SIDA in 2017 between journalists and members of the ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Nigeria: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 4 pp.

"Media and information literacy is paramount to empower the population, and especially the youth, with the capacity of critical thinking and in providing quality information on traditional and social media platforms. During the period of 2018-2021, UNESCO ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Myanmar: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 12 pp.

"The road to media freedom has been winding and narrow for Myanmar. Prior to the February 2021 military takeover, there had been guarded optimism that the country would soon enjoy freedom of expression and democratic principles. The country’s political reform process started in 2011, after 50 year ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Tunisia: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 8 pp.

"Past UNESCO support resulted in the establishment of a Monitoring Unit on the Safety of Journalists in partnership with the Union of Tunisian Journalists (Syndicat National des Journalistes Tunisiens (SNJT) and OHCHR, which has been piloted since ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Namibia: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 3 pp.

"Namibia was thus added as a beneficiary country under the MDP in the second quarter of 2021, with the aim of reviewing the current draft bill and of increasing awareness on the right to access information by mobilizing government, civil society, and the Namibian public to take ownership and contrib ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Pakistan: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 7 pp.

"Overall, Pakistan experienced a shrinking of its space for free expression over the past four years, with censorship and restrictions increasing over time in the form of new stringent rules and regulations, along with intensifying threats and various types of attacks on journalists. Pakistan, who w ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Jordan: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 3 pp.

"Jordan was included as a beneficiary country under the MDP in 2021, responding to a request by the country’s Judicial Training Institute to strengthen the capacities of judicial operators on international standards and issues related to freedom of expression and access to information. This collab ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP): Regional Action in Africa: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 10 pp.

"[...] in 2019, UNESCO’s Addis Ababa Liaison Office engaged the African Union, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) and a wide range of partners to ensure adequate responses to the protection of journalists and the fight against impunity in Africa. These consultative meeti ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Regional Action in Latin America and the Caribbean: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 10 pp.

"The MDP has since 2018 supported various capacity-building activities for Latin American and Caribbean judicial actors, such as the 5th and 6th edition of the MOOC “International Legal Framework on Freedom of Expression, Access to Public Information and the Safety of Journalists”, additional MO ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Mexico: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 4 pp.

"On the occasion of the main conference commemorating the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists in 2019, which was held in Mexico City, the Spokesperson of the Mexican Presidency announced the Mexican government’s commitment to improve the protection of journalists, incl ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Brazil: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 3 pp.

"[...] new legislation has been introduced that could have a detrimental effect on freedom of expression and access to information. This includes a “fake news” bill that was approved by the Senate in June 2020 and allows for the criminalization of certain online content, creates identification r ... more

UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Morocco: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 6 pp.

"The MDP has sought throughout the reporting period to assist in the implementation of Morocco’s new legal framework, while also supporting compliance to international standards. Actions build on previous work such as an agreement signed with the Ministry for the Reform of Public Administration in ... more