"Journalists’ reputations are under assault around the world. Among journalists we surveyed, 63% reported at least monthly attacks on their individual reputations — and 19% reported facing them daily. Rates were even higher for attacks on the reputations of their news outlets or the broader news
...
media sector. [...] We investigated how widespread reputational attacks contribute to the risks and challenges that journalists face. While there is extensive research on efforts to delegitimize news outlets and journalism — particularly efforts by political leaders — there has been little research that investigates how reputational attacks affect individual journalists’ safety and professional autonomy. With that in mind, we focused on five key questions: 1. How frequently do journalists face attacks on their reputations? 2. What are the forms and sources of these attacks? 3. What are the personal and professional consequences of reputational attacks, including their links to violence and legal repression? 4. How do reputational attacks and their consequences vary for journalists in countries with different press freedom contexts? 5. How do they vary for journalists with different gender, ethnic, racial, or religious identities? To explore these questions, in 2022 we conducted a global survey. It was completed by 645 journalists, who resided in 87 countries, spanning a wide range of press freedom levels. The survey was available in six languages (English, Arabic, French, Hindi, Portuguese, and Spanish). 42% of survey respondents identified as women and 23.1% identified as belonging to a marginalized racial, ethnic or religious group in their respective countries. We then conducted in-depth follow-up interviews with 54 journalists." (Executive summary, pages 7-8)
more
"El pensamiento de la Iglesia Latinoamericana sobre la Comunicación Social está consignado en múltiples documentos, producidos desde la fundación del CELAM hasta 1980, y que constituyen un valiosísimo "corpus" doctrinal que no tiene igual en las Iglesias de otros Continentes l. La presente inve
...
stigación se concentra exclusivamente en los documentos que tocan los medios de comunicación en sentido global, dejando de lado los sectoriales dedicados a la prensa, al cine, a la radio y a la televisión. Haré alguna referencia a las Asambleas ordinarias del CELAM, que se han interesado a este problema." (Introducción)
more
"Après avoir étudié l'évolution du journalisme, l’auteur expose le profit culturel et humain du journalisme contemporain et propose: l'accroissement du nombre de centres d'enseignement ; pour finir l'élaboration de plans d'études et l'implantation d'un régime de liberté et d'autonomie." (J
...
ean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 237, topic code 163.0)
more