"Although rural development, especially in the Third World, is a major concern of UNESCO, emphasis here is upon those uses of media which support community initiatives in urban settings or were introduced to help resolve tensions and problems. Media are not limited to newspapers and broadcasting; th
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ey also include such other forms as wall posters, mimeographed newsletters, audio cassettes and portable video equipment. Emphasis, however, is not upon the medium or its mode of delivery, but rather upon its function within a community program to focus upon the urban problem. Scope is international and arrangement is by country: Africa, the Arab world, Australia, the Caribbean (a case study), Europe, India, Japan, Latin America, North America and the Philippines. An appendix includes extracts from the Final Report of the Urban Community Media Consultation, UNESCO: "Proposals for related activities," and "Proposals for future activities and research programmes.'' A 1977 study edited by Frances J. Berrigan, 'Access: Some Western Modern Models of Community Media' (UNESCO), is a discussion accompanied by case studies of different ways in which communities in the U. S., Canada and some European countries have provided access for audience participation in broadcasting programming for both television and radio." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 251)
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"Focusing on issues of access to and participation in community media, this report reviews progress so far and analyzes the difficulties that underlie the transfer and adaptation of community communications media in developing countries. The first chapter contains introductory material on the subjec
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t of community media and development and describes a participative model for using media in community development situations. The second chapter discusses the practice of community communications by defining objectives, presenting background information on present projects, and describing criteria for selecting community media. The third chapter examines three community development communications projects in detail to show the development of methods that suit particular tasks and the choice of media that suit particular conditions, and the fourth chapter offers an appropriate methodology for using media in community development, with implications for future projects." (https://eric.ed.gov)
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"The three studies contained in this volume trace the emergence of 'community media' in Western society—specifically new approaches to broadcasting and electronic media in North America and Western Europe [...] The orientation of the studies is not purely towards research, though where research ha
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s been done, it is utilized. Rather, their purpose is to collect, analyse and synthesize as large a volume as possible of current initiatives in the field of methods adopted, problems experienced, solutions found, new questions posed. In this kind of review, various dimensions are relevant. There is, first, the conceptual level—the objectives for which the media are used or with which they are associated. Are they used primarily for educational purposes, for enlarging the range of available study materials? Are their purposes mainly social, creating and enhancing processes of community development? Or are they seen as serving psychological ends, by allowing for the fuller expression of individual and group personalities? Second, there is the technological or organizational aspect. For example, are media used at the local level also linked to a national system of information distribution, as in the access programmes of some national networks, which allow the layman to participate in producing television programmes? Are they associated more with local radio or cable television? Or are they a form of video animation, based on portable cameras and recorders, perhaps with very limited distribution? Third, there is the descriptive, social and political level. What is being attempted with community media in different countries? How do these countries differ in cultural attitude, or in prescriptions for social or economic growth?" (Preface)
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