"In digitalized media societies, many journalists encounter audience hostility in publicly visible channels. Scholars theorized on the spiral process of the influence of audience feedback on journalists’ editorial work. In this spiral, audience feedback on past news coverage influences ongoing new ... s coverage, producing audience feedback that influences ongoing news coverage, and so forth. We study an empirically accessible, meaningful sequence of this process – influences of journalists’ significant previous experiences of publicly visible audience hostility on the ways in which they cope with resulting anticipations of audience hostility in their editorial work. Based on a survey of German print journalists (n*=*323), we find hints that journalists’ significant previous experiences of publicly visible audience hostility can influence their news coverage in two ways. In line with previous research, we find that some journalists reacted to past significant incidents of publicly visible audience hostility with negative emotions and appraisals. This explains their proneness to complying with anticipated audience hostility. Other journalists took pleasure in significant previous incidents of publicly visible audience hostility and viewed them as a professional success. This explains their proneness to defying anticipated audience hostility. We discuss these findings in light of the political polarization of societies." (Abstract) more

"This publication consists of short accounts of seven studies carried out in seven different countries on the part played by the media in the development of "social consciousness" in two widely different social groups in each of the countries concerned. The research on which the accounts are based h ... ad its beginnings in 1969. In June of that year, following a Unesco General Conference decision authorizing a long-term programme of research and the promotion of "the study of the role and effects of the media of mass communication in modern society", Unesco organized a meeting of experts in Montreal on Mass Communication and Society and, as may be seen from the main working paper and the official Report of the meeting, research co-operation at both national and international levels figured prominently on the formal agenda and in the wide-ranging discussions." (Introduction) more